COMPOSITE. 581 
inacalyx-tube, adnate to ovary; limb 0, or of hairs (pappus) or 
scales. Petals connate in a corolla of two forms; (a) tubular or 
campanulate, with 4-5-lobed limb; lobes valvate with margina 
nerves ; (b) ligulate with lobes dlovigatea and connate in a strap- 
shaped or elliptic ligule. Disk epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted 
within the corolla-tube ; filaments usually free ; anthers basifixed, 
usually connate (syngenesious) ; connective produced ; cells simple 
b bes 
oti achene (cypsela). Seed erect; testa) membranous ; 
> pay 0; embryo straight; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle 
ort. 
*Corollas of all the flowers tubular to near the mouth, or if any flatly 
expanded from a tubular base (ligulate) then only the pee florets of 
87 
__ the flower-head (ray-florets) so expanded ; sap not milky : 
] 
{Style-arms long, distinct, or if very short or the style subentire shen 
80 only in ud sterile flowers of heads with dissimilar (heterogamous) 
florets :-— 
{Flowers mi purple, or white, never yellow ; all the florets similar 
omogamous) and tubular, or rarely (Elephantopus) cleft laterally ; 
mo 
late, hairy ; leaves alternate (VERNONIE) :— 
Heads distinct, many-fio 
appus absent ; achenes 4-5-angled. ....++-+++++srr077"** Ethulia. 
Pappus present; achenes 10-ribbed :— 
ppus short, ae PE . Centra m. 
appus long, COpiOUS -.+.-+-seseeseenrserreneennen tnt ernonia. 
Heads 1- or few- fone gene into dense masses like single 
heads; pappus chaffy .....:-se-sseseersnsreeerte tt" Ele topus. 
Anthers subentire at ae either truncate or appendaged at apex ; 
Style-arms obtuse, papillose ; leaves OPP (EvPATORIE®) :— 
Anthers truncate at a) pet oe eee Adenostemma. 
Anthers appendaged a 
582] 
§Pappus te EP zat fie sometimes paleaceous [p- 
pus p cp Ageratum. 
