622 BENGAL PLANTS. [Echinops. 
inner spathulate, innermost linear or lanceolate, sometimes all 
connate in a tube, with one long, rigid spine on outer side ; recep- 
tacle minute. Calyz-limb setose. Petals connate in a regular 
tubular corolla, with 5 slender segments. Stamens syngencaa? 
tails short, entire or fimbriate. Style with thick arms and with a 
thick basal ring, at length spreading. Cypsela elongate, usually 
villous ; pappus of many short, free or connate bristles. o 
1109. EcHINops ECHINATUS at F. I. iii. 447; F. B. I. iii. 358. 
Chota Nagpur ; ar; W. Bengal. 
A branched, secieet rigid annual, 1-2 feet high. 
491. Cnicus Linn. 
Erect, sielipia or “pebbighit, ing thistles; leaves alternate, often 
corollas, with equal or oblique 5-fid limb. Stamens Bye 
filaments hairy or glabrous; anthers with sagittate base ; aurictes 
connate; tails slender. Style with short, rarely filiform, yee 
‘arms. Cypsela ishedia, obovoid, obtusely 4-angled, smooth : 
5-10-ribbed, cate or umbonate at the top, with a mage: 
straight basal “ters pappus-hairs feathery, unequal, with 
longer clavellate 1412. 
1110. Oitodie ARVENSIS Hoffim.; F. B. I. iii. 862; E. D.C. 
Cardwus lanatus F, I. iii. 408. 
In all the provinces. 
An erect, leafy field-weed. Beng. Silkanta. 
492. Silybum Gaertn. : 
An erect, stout, thistle-like herb; Teaves alternate, white-veine 
above, sinuately lobed or pinnatifid; lobes and teeth ose 
Flower-heads large, terminal, solitary, nodding, homogamous> 
florets all hermaphrodite, fertile ; involucre wide- campanulate ; va 
bracts many-seriate, the outer with wide, spinescent, fimbris 
