LEPIDOPTERA. 183 
in the Pyrenees. Its caterpillar lives near the regions of perpetual 
snow, on small cruciferous plants. 
The Orange-tips have, in the males, the extremity of the upper 
wings of a beautiful orange yellow. . The rest of the wings is 

Fig. 146.—Pieris napi. Fig. 147.—Anthocharis cardamines. 
white in the only British species (Fig. 147), which is to be seen in 
meadows from the end of April till the end of May, and sulphur- 
coloured in some other species. 
One species extremely common, and which appears with but short 
interruption from the beginning of spring till the end of autumn, 
is the Brimstone butterfly (Rhodocera (Gonepteryx) rhamni). The 
wings are a lemon yellow, with an orange-coloured spot in the 
middle of each, and the front border terminated in a series of very 
small iron-coloured spots. The body of the butterfly is black with 
silvery hairs. 
The Colias edusa, or Clouded-yellow, so called from the colour 
of the upper part of its wings, is not uncommon in meadows and 
fields in early autumn throughout EKurope. The upper side of the 
wings is of a marigold yellow; the upper ones having towards 
the middle a large spot of black. At the extremity of each wing 
is a broad black band, continuous in the case of the male, inter- 
rupted by yellow spots in the female. The back of the body is 
yellow ; the legs, as well as the antenne, rosy. 
The family of the Lycenideé comprises a great number of species, 
some of which we will mention. 
The Thecle, or Hair-streaks, which the French call Petits Porte- 
queues, on account of the tails which grace the hind margin of the 
hind wings, inhabit woods, their larvee feeding according to the 
species on the birch, the oak, the plum-tree, the bramble, «ec. 
