HYMENOPTERA. 351 
The habits of bees in their wild state, which make their nests 
in the trunks of trees and other cavities, do not differ from those 
of domesticated bees. Only the latter become tame with man, 
getting used to those who look after them, and becoming less 
ageressive towards strangers. 
Apiculture, or bee-keeping, is still at the present day an. im- 
portant business, although honey has lost a great deal of its 
utility since the introduction of sugar into Europe. Without 
entering into many details on apiculture, that is to say, on the 
attention it is necessary to pay to bees, we will mention the 
principal duties of the bee-keeper. 
When, in the spring, the bees font la barbe (as the French 
say), that is, when they are getting ready to swarm, one must 
watch narrowly, so as not to lose them. As soon as a swarm 
has settled on a tree or on any artificial resting-place prepared on 
purpose in the neighbourhood, it is approached, after having 
covered one’s face with a piece of transparent linen or canvas, or 
with a hood, and the cluster is caused to fall into a hive turned 
upside down. The hive is then turned up and again put in its 
place; or else, if it is only to serve for the conveyance of the 
swarm to another place, shaken about before the door of the 
hive which the swarm is destined to occupy. The bees then 
beat to arms, and set to work to enter their new habitation in 
a compact column. Fig. 324 represents the manner in which one 
ought to proceed in order to gather a swarm of bees, which is fixed 
on a branch of a tree, and introduce it into the hive prepared for it. 
Let us listen on this subject to an experienced bee-keeper, M. 
Hamet :—“ As soon as a swarm has fixed itself anywhere, and there 
are only a few bees fluttering round the cluster, you must make your 
preparations for lodging them in 2 hive you have got ready for the 
purpose. Some people rub the hive on the inside with aromatic 
plants or honey, with the object of making the bees fix themselves 
there more surely. This precaution is not indispensable. What 
is essential is, that the hive should be clean and free from any bad 
smell. It is a good thing to pass it beforehand over the flame of a 
straw fire, which destroys the eggs of insects and insects them- 
selves which may have lodged in it. 
“After having covered your head with a veil, if the swarm has 
