YIELDS FROM DISTILLATION OF CERTAIN HARDWOODS. 7 



are therefore omitted in this bulletin. The data from Bulletin 129 



corrected to eliminate the yields from lumber are given in Table 4. 



Table 4. — Relative yields of commercial alcohol and acetate per cord. 



JAverage yield from heartwood of beech, birch, and maple from Indiana and 'Wisconsin=100 

 acetate=316 pounds; alcohol=10.63 gallons.] 



per cent; 



Species. 



Locality. 



Alcohol. 



Acetate. 



Heart. 



Slab. 



Heart. 



Slab. 



Beech 



Indiana . 



111.0 

 127.2 

 78.2 

 87.6 

 111.0 

 111.6 

 88.4 

 34.8 

 144.2 

 86.7 

 86.7 

 82.4 



102.6 

 118.6 

 83.7 

 85.7 

 109.3 

 100.8 

 86.7 

 33.9 



95.3 

 99.1 

 109.5 

 101.0 

 95.3 

 99.4 

 85.2 

 62.7 



106.0 



Do 



Pennsylvania 



106.7 



Birch 



Wisconsin 



112.4 



Do 



Pennsylvania 



. 99.4 



Hard maple 



Wisconsin - 



89.9 



Do... 



Pennsylvania 



95.4 



Red gum 



Missouri 



78.2 



Chestnut 



New Jersey 



60.2 



Hickory 



Indiana 





White oak 



do 



86.7 

 95.2 

 98.0 



97.7 

 83.0 

 71.6 



93.4 



Do 





85.2 



Tupelo 



Missouri. 



82.4 









Elm and silver maple, which gave low yields of alcohol and acetic 

 acid, also gave low yields of liquor per cord. The cost of recovery 

 per cord would, of course, be somewhat dependent on the amount of 

 pyroligneous acid to be refined. 



The yields of charcoal and tar are only of relative interest. It was 

 not possible in the laboratory tests to determine the value of these 

 products, whose quality is only known in the wood-distillation indus- 

 try in terms of commercial methods of distilling. In general, how- 

 ever, it is noted that the heavier woods give higher yields of charcoal. 



PYROLIGNEOUS ACID, TAR, AND CHARCOAL. 



The average yields of pyroligneous acid, tar, and charcoal ex- 

 pressed in pounds per cord are given in Table 5. The yields of 

 pyroligneous acid are of interest mainly in connection with the cost 

 of refining the products from a cord of wood. 



Table 5. — Average yields of pyroligneous acid, tar, and charcoal per cord. 



Species, 



Beech 



Birch 



Maple 



White elm 



Slippery elm 



Silver maple 



Green, blue, and yel- 

 low ash. 



Black ash 



Green ash 



Chestnut oak . .. 



Tanbarkoak 



Black oak 



Swamp oak 



Eucalyptus 



Locality. 



Indiana 



Wisconsin , 



do , 



Pennsylvania . . 



Wisconsin 



do 



Tennessee and 

 Missouri. 



Wisconsin 



Missouri 



Tennessee 



California 



do 



Louisiana 



California 



Pyroligneous acid 

 (based on oven- 

 dry wood). 



m 



Lbs. 



1,062 



1,152 



1,120 



946 



984 



920 



1,162 



1,070 



1,280 

 1,315 



1,089 

 1,405 



Lbs. 

 1,165 

 1,159 

 1,061 

 997 

 913 



1,040 

 i,'672 



1,125 



1,024 

 1,500 



OP R 

 g03 



i6s. 



1,113.5 



1, 155. S 



1,090.5 



971.5 



948.5 



864.5 



1,076 



1,055 

 11,045 

 1,176 



11,420 



1, 056. 5 

 1, 452. 5 



Charcoal. 



M 



Lbs. 



1,417 



1,315 



1,341 



1,065 



1,180 



1,030 



1,410 



1,162 



1,425 

 1,330 



1,598 

 2,065 



Lbs. 



1,297 



1,284 



1,515 



1,055 



1,275 



1,115 



1,575 



1,234 



1,685 



1,389 



1,630 

 1,900 





Lbs. 



1,357 



1, 299. 5 



1,428 



1,060 



1,228 



1,072 



1,492 



1,198 



11,388 

 1,555 



11,640 



1,614 

 1,982 



Tar. 



M 



Lbs. 

 319 

 325 

 418 

 322 

 279 

 302 

 390 



348 



368 

 318 



251 

 166 



M 



Lbs. 

 349 

 285 

 310 

 295 

 205 

 201 

 270 



276 

 1346 

 316 



333 



307 

 377 



gc3 



Lbs. 

 334 

 305 

 364 

 309 

 242 

 252 

 330 



312 



"342 



1413 



279 

 271 



Lbs. 



3,785 



3,875 



3,600 



3,060 



3,330 



2,880 



3,960 



3,510 

 3,960 

 4,140 

 4,068 

 ' 3, 800 

 14,650 

 ■ 3, 960 

 4,950 



1 Limbs. 



