22 



BULLETIN 510, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 



Fig. 20. — Sketch of a concrete foundation pier in use in 

 a mill yard in Mississippi. It is cast in two sections, 

 for convenience in aligning and moving about the yard. 



that clean clay or sandy soil will serve the purpose admirably. While 

 sandy soil allows fungi to spread within it more rapidly than clay, 

 it offers the advantage of rapid seepage, and Avhere the surface is 



amply ventilated no 

 difficulty should be 

 experienced. (PL X, 

 figs 1 and 3.) 



The principal need 

 is to have the yards 

 so laid out that sur- 

 face water will not ac- 

 cumulate. Ordinary 

 ashes are not consid- 

 sidered a good filling 

 or surfacing material, 

 since they absorb 

 moisture readily and 

 hold it tenaciously, 

 particularly w hen 

 they are in a finely pulverized condition. Less finely divided mate- 

 rial, such as coarse cinders, gravel, or slag, is better adapted on 

 account of the rapid seepage. Moreover, wood-destroying fungi 

 appear to grow 

 through ashes quite 

 readily when they 

 are in a moist condi- 

 tion. In fact, the 

 writer has a record 

 of one case where 

 fungi developed lux- 

 uriantly in a pile 

 of ashes in the open 

 when exposed to 

 prolonged rainy 

 weather. (PI. IX, 

 fig. 3.) 



METHODS OF STACKING 

 LUMBER. 



Lumber piled in 

 the open must be al- 

 lowed ventilation 

 around the individ- 

 ual pieces, and tliis is iiHually arranged for in storage practice. 

 In some instances, howcvci-, tliis necessity is ignored in certain 



Fig. 21. — Pecky cyjHoss fouuda lions in use at a mill in 

 South Carolina. Each largo square contains from 500 to 

 (iOO Ijoard feet. This type of construction does not 

 allow sufficient ventilation beneath the piles. 



