COST OF PRODUCING APPLES IN HOOD EIVER VALLEY. 



25 



$0.25 per acre for the weeder, $0.18 per acre for the light-draft 

 harrow, and $0.06 per acre for the float in favor of the clean-culture 

 system. 



Table VII. — Normal time and costs of one cultivation on farms studied. 



Item. 



Clean cultivated orchards: 



Man-hours 



Horse-hours 



Acres per day 



Cost per acre 



Mulch-crop orchards: 



Man-hours 



Horse-hours 



Acres per day 



Cost per acre 



Ail orchards: 



Man-hours 



Horse-hours 



Acres per day 



Cost per acre 



Plow. 



5.32 

 10.64 



1.88 

 $2.79 



6.21 



12.42 



1.61 



$3.26 



5.74 

 11.48 

 .1.74 

 $3.01 



Dislc. 



2.28 



4.. 56 



4.39 



$1.20 



2. .30 



4.60 



4.35 



$1.21 



2.29 



4.58 



4.37 



$1.20 



Spring 

 tooth. 



1.40 



2.80 



7.14 



$0.74 



1.76 



3.52 



5.68 



$0.92 



1.55 

 3.10 



6.45 

 $0.81 



Spilve- 

 tooth. 



0.88 



1.76 



11.36 



$0.46 



0.93 

 1.86 

 10.75 



0.91 



1.82 



10.99 



$0.48 



Weeder. 



1.13 

 2.26 



8.85 

 $0.59 



1.60 

 3.20 

 6.25 



$0.84 



1.23 



2.46 

 8.13 

 $0.65 



Light 



draft 



harrow. 



0.57 



1.14 



17.54 



$0.30 



0.92 



1.84 



10.87 



0.74 



1.48 



13.51 



$0.39 



Float. 



1.06 



2.12 



9.43 



$0.56 



1.19 



2.38 



8.40 



$0.62 



1.14 

 2.28 



8.77 

 $0.60 



Table VII serves to show normal times for the different kinds of 

 tools of standard make and width. It was found that the average 

 annual cost of cultivation, including plowing, is $11.74 in the case of 

 the clean-culture orchards and $4.44 in the case of the mulch-crop 

 orchards, which receive a thorough cultivation about once every 

 three years. 



Table VIII. — Total cultivation costs for all records. 



Item. 



Clean culture. 



Mulch crop. 



All records. 



Per acre. 



Per box. 



Per acre. 



Per box. 



Per acre. 



Per box. 





$1.10 

 10.64 

 11.74 



$0. 005 

 .0488 

 .0538 



$0.70 

 3.74 

 4.44 



$0.0031 

 .0164 

 .0195 



$0.92 

 7.57 

 8.49 



$0. 0041 





.0341 



All cultivation 



.0381 







As is shown in Table VIII, there is a difference in cost for all 

 cultivating time of $7.30 per acre, or $0,034 per box, in the favor of 

 the mulch-crop system, but this difference is largely offset by the 

 cost of irrigating on the latter orchards. 



MULCH CROPS. 



There are two kinds of mulch or shade crops used in the valley, 



namely, clover and alfalfa. (See fig. 9.) They are usually sown 



alone, although in some cases the orchard may be in both clover and 



alfalfa. Of the 24 orchards in mulch crop, there are 12 in clover, 8 



72668°— BulL 518—17 4 



