28 BULLETIISr 523, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 12. — Use of ash hy secondarii ivood-iinl)i(/ industries in the United States. 



Use. 



Quantity used annually 



Feetli.ni. Percent 



Average 



cost per 



1,000 



feet. 



Total cost 

 f. o. 1). 

 factory. 



(1) Handles 



(2) Dairy supplies (chiefly butter tub staves and 



heading) 



!3) Veliicles and veliicle parts 

 i) Planing-niill products, sash, doors, and blinds, 



and general niUl work 



(5) Refrigerators and kitchen cabinets 



f G) Car construction 



(7) Fiu-niture 



(8) Agricultural implements 



(9) Boxes and crates 



(10) Ship and boat buUding (cliiefly boat oars) 



(11) Sporting and athletic goods 



(12) Fixtures 



(13) Chairs and Chair stock 



(1-i) Instruments, musical 



(15) Woodenware and novelties 



(16) Saddles and harness (cliiefly harness) 



(17) Machine construction 



(18) Pumps (mostly sucker rods) 



(19) Tovs 



(20) Tanks 



(21) Plumliers' woodwork 



(22) Trunks 



(23) Pulleys and conveyors 



(24) Picker sticks and bobbins 



(25) Printing material 



(26) Frames and molding, picture 



(27) Carpet sweepers (probably for handles) 



(28) Equipment, playground 



(29) Rollers, shade and map 



(30) Elevators 



(31) Instruments, professional and scientific (including 



litters) 



(32) Laundry appliances 



(33) Machinery and apparatus, electric 



(34) Mine equipment 



(35'» Brushes 



(36) Patterns and flasks 



(37) Whips, canes, and umbrella sticks 



(38) Dowels 



(39) Caskets and cofiiiis 



(40) Butchers' blocks and skewers 



(41) Aeroplanes 



(42) Weighing apparatus 



(43) Gates and fencing 



Total 



64,156,872 



60, 2&5, 800 

 43, 974, 668 



21,304,374 



19, 066, 380 



18, 163, 433 



15, 668, .588 



10, 677, 400 



10, 507, 308 



7, 985, 554 



3, ISO, 000 



2, 78:3, 822 



2, 765, 050 



2, 377, 332 



2, 350, 000 



2, 103, 000 



1,404,362 



975, .500 



895, 300 



866, 000 



536, 000 



534, 435 



512, 100 



437, 000 



391,000 



281, 845 



236, 394 



180, 000 



161,150 



145, 700 



123, 600 



111,500 



87, 000 



43, 425 



36, 400 



35,000 



30, 000 



29, 000 



20, 000 



20, 000 



12, 000 



5,900 



700 



21.72 



20.40 

 14.88 



7,21 



6.45 



6.15 



5.30 



3.61 



3.56 



2.70 



1.08 



.94 



.94 



.81 



.80 



.71 



.48 



.33 



.30 



.29 



.18 



.18 



.17 



.15 



.13 



.10 



.08 



.06 



.06 



.05 



.04 

 .04 

 .03 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 



s 



0) 



25.43 



42.77 



31.39 

 29.41 

 49.83 

 27.21 

 40.05 

 14.40 

 29.26 

 34.68 

 37.16 

 27.19 

 53.17 

 28.83 

 35.18 

 44.34 

 19.41 

 33.22 

 32.56 

 24.99 

 34.66 

 28.79 

 26.66 

 23.17 

 37.13 

 16.10 

 31.19 

 22.81 



61.93 

 23.68 

 49.20 

 22.01 

 41.54 

 37.86 

 60.00 

 25.34 

 54.00 

 60.00 

 64.67 

 39.66 

 18.57 



$1,917,033.40 



1, 532, 876. 00 

 1, 880, 588. 30 



668, 716. 25 



560, 812. 31 



905, 158. 00 



426, 270. 56 



427, 638. 00 



151, 257. 53 



233, 621. 41 



110,293.00 



103, 446. 00 



75, 190. 50 



126, 399. 00 



67, 750. 50 



73, 992. 00 



62, 262. 66 



18, 935. 00 



29, 740. 00 



28,194.00 



13, 395. 00 



18, 521. 00 



14,745.00 



11, 650. 00 



9,061.00 



10,464.00 



3,816.00 



5, 615. 00 



3, 676. 00 



10, 007. 00 



7,654.00 

 2, 640. 00 

 4, 280. 00 



956.00 

 1,512.00 

 1,325.00 

 1, 800. 00 



735.00 

 1,080.00 

 1, 200. 00 



776.00 



234.00 

 13.00 



295,461,482 



100. 00 



32.24 



9, 525, 329. 42 



1 Less than one one-hundredth of 1 per cent. 

 HANDLES. 



Certain classes of handles are almost exclusively made out of ash, 

 such as " D " handles for spades and shovels of all kinds and long 

 handles for forks, hoes, rakes, and long shovels. Ash is also used 

 somewhat for handles for cant hooks and grubbing hoes. Odds and 

 ends are often used for small tool, whip, broom, ax and pickax, 

 carpet, and vacuum sweeper handles. It is practically the only wood 

 used for snaths for scythes and cradles. The qualities which make 

 ash especially suitable for handles are straightness of grain, a high 

 degree of stiffness and strength perpendicular to the grain, suitable 

 weight and hardness, and capacity to wear smooth in use. Rapid- 

 growing second-growth white and green ash, which yield the 

 strongest and stiffest wood, are the best and the most often used. 



