CEEEAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE NEPHI SUBSTATION. 25 



Ratio of grain to straw. — Table X shows the existence" of a re- 

 markably close ratio of grain to straw among the winter-wheat 

 varieties at Nephi. In most cases only about a pound of straw 

 was produced with each pound of grain. This ratio varied some- 

 what each year, depending upon the time of planting, amount of 

 fall growth made, and the climatic conditions of the growing season. 

 In 1908 the average ratio for all varieties was 1 to 1.21; in 1909 it 

 was 1 to 1.03; in 1910 it was 1 to 1.25; in 1911, 1 to 1.01; and in 

 1912 it was 1 to 1.03. 



Bushel weight. — -The average bushel weight for all varieties of 

 winter wheat grown at Nephi in 1908 was 59 pounds. In 1909 it 

 was 56.6 pounds; in 1910 it was 59.8 pounds; in 1911 it was 62 

 pounds; and in 1912, 62.5 pounds. The average bushel weight of 

 all varieties for the 5-year period, as shown in the last column of 

 Table X, is 61.4 pounds, or 1.4 pounds above the standard weight. 

 Each year the weights were determined after the grain had been 

 cleaned. 



Spring Wheats. 



Previous publications * already have shown the superiority of 

 winter wheats over spring wheats at Nephi, and it is generally under- 

 stood that spring wheats are unprofitable in the Mountain States. 

 For this. reason spring wheats have occupied a minor position in the 

 work of the Nephi substation. From 1904 to 1907, inclusive, only* 

 four varieties were tested. These were all durum varieties (Kahla, 

 Adjini, Medeah, and Mohamed ben Bachir), and during that period 

 the average yield obtained was 12.48 bushels per acre. In 1908 the 

 Medeah variety was discarded and the Kubanka (C. I. 1440) variety 

 was added. In the same year five varieties of common spring wheats 

 were introduced. In 1910 all of the varieties were so nearly failures 

 that the common spring wheats were discarded. Since the durum 

 varieties showed less serious effects from the drought of 1910, they 

 were continued, but were discarded at the close of the season of 1912. 

 A summary of the yields obtained in the tests with spring wheats 

 since 1908 is presented in Table XL - 



1 Jardine, W. M. Arid farming investigations. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 100. 

 Farrell, F. D. Dry-land grains in the Great Basin. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant 

 Industry, Circular 61, p. 10-11, 1910. 



9679°— Bull. 30—13 1 



