AN EXAMPLE OF SUCCESSFUL FARM MANAGEMENT. 



21 



$15). The varieties set were Baldwin, Northern Spy, Wagener, and 

 Khode Island Greening, 20 trees of each. The type of soil on which 

 this orchard was set is shown in figure 5. Ten trees each of five 

 varieties of peach were also set, to find out what they would do on 

 the soil at this elevation. 



On April 1, 1912, at the end of the second year under the new 

 management, the owner's account with this farm was as shown in 

 Table VI. 



Table VI. — Investment, expenses, and income on the 95-acre hill farm of Mr. 

 English for the year ended March SI, 1912. 



Investment. 



Amount. 



1910 investment 



Improvements on barn 



Fencing 



New apple orchard, care of trees and setting. 



$1,950 

 100 

 50 

 35 



Total investment . 



2, 135 



Expenses. 



Taxes 



50 bushels of seed potatoes, at 50 

 cents 



Commercial fertilizer for potatoes — 



6 bushels of seed oats, at 60 cents — 



Orchard renovation 



2 tons of lime, at $5 per ton 



Grass seed for 8 acres 



Insurance 



900 pounds of acid phosphate for oats . 



4 bushels of buckwheat seed, at 60 

 cents 



Total (not including household) 



Cost. 



$18.00 



25.00 

 26.00 



3.60 

 90.00 

 10.00 

 18.00 



4.00 

 15.40 



2.40 



212.40 



Income. 



400 bushels of apples 



93 bushels of oats, at 60 cents 



60 bushels of buckwheat, at $1.50 

 per hundredweight 



408 bushels of potatoes, at $1 



13 head of young cattle pastured, at 



Total 



Owner's income (interest on 

 investment not deducted).. 



Gross 

 receipts. 



$360. 00 

 55.80 



43.20 

 408. 00 



39.00 



Net 

 receipts. 



Excluding the owner's superintendence and the use of a few tools, 

 this sum represents a return of 32.5 per cent on the investment at the 

 end of the second year. Allowing the owner $500 for his superin- 

 tendence and $20 for the use of the tools, the investment still yielded 

 an income of 9 per cent. 



LABOR PROBLEMS ON THE ENGLISH FARM. 



MAN LABOR. 



Since a better distribution of labor has been effected, it has been 

 and is now employed by the year. Two men are kept on the lGO-acre 7 

 farm all the year and some extra help is occasionally required. The 

 owner, of course, works with the men when the duties of superin- 

 tendence permit, and an 18-year-old son works regularly. The 

 men hired by the year are started at $30 per month, with a house, a 

 garden plat, and the milk necessary for their family use. If they 



