22 



BULLETIN 32, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



prove .satisfactory and show a proper interest in the work, they 

 receive an increase of $1 a month for each year they stay. In addi- 

 tion to this, each man gets a vacation of from one to two weeks 

 with pay. but this leave must, of course, be taken when work is not 

 too pressing. Each workman gets his pay regularly at the end of 

 the month and never between pay da}^s, except in emergency cases. 



The men work from 12 to 12^ hours a day. Promptness at both 

 ends of the day are prerequisites, and the owner is insistent that all 

 work, including the chores, shall be finished by 6 p. m. The dairy 

 affords the principal work during the winter, and each man has 

 certain cows to milk each day. The morning hours are 4 o'clock 

 in winter and 5 o'clock in summer, and the cows are milked at exactly 

 12-hour intervals, By these methods Mr. English has as nearly 

 solved the farm-labor problem as any farmer we have known. He 

 always employs high-class men rather than have men in his employ 

 whose labor is not profitable. 



HORSE LABOR. 



The horse labor on this farm is done by big draft horses. Mr. 

 English believes in high-class animals, just as he does in high-class 

 men. If horses cost more, he makes them earn more by keeping 

 them well occupied on productive enterprises. The work is so 

 arranged that the horses are idle only a small portion of the year 

 in the winter. They are fed cheaply on oat hay or straw and with 

 ground oats (at a usual cost of $23 a ton) or the mixture shown in 

 Table VII (1*910 prices). 



Table VII. — Horse-feed constituents and cost of feeding on the English farm. 



Quantity and cost of feed constituents. 



Quantity fed and cost of feeding. 



Feed constituent. 



Pounds. 



Rate 

 per 

 ton. 



Cost. 



Season. 



Quantity per feed. 



Quantity 



fed per 



day. 



Cost 

 per feed. 



Linseed meal 



100 

 100 

 100 

 200 



335 

 20 

 23 

 25 



SI. 75 

 1.00 

 1.15 

 2.50 



Winter 



Spring 



Summer 



3 quarts, or 3 

 pounds. 



4 quarts, or 4 

 pounds. 



4 or 5 quarts, or 4 

 or 5 pounds. 



Quarts. 

 9 



12 



12-15 



Cents. 

 11 



15 





15-19 



Ground barley 





Total feed 



500 



16.40 





1 About 1J cents per pound. 



Xo timothy and no clover hay have been fed to the horses on this 

 farm for five years, it having been found that the animals do as well 

 or better on oat hay or straw, which is a cheaper feed. 



