38 



BULLETIN 41, IT. S. 'DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



incomes. The results as given in Table XXXI show just the reverse; 

 the oldest tenants make the" lowest incomes. They have the least 

 capital and farm the smallest areas. They are men, few in number, 

 who are poor and inefficient farmers naturally, and who are not able 

 to save enough money to buy a farm. Therefore, landlords with 

 good farms will not rent their land to them, and they are compelled 

 to take the least desirable farms in the neighborhood. The enter- 

 prising young men soon acquire sufficient funds to discontinue renting 

 and become farm owners. The tenants of to-day seem to start in 

 farming younger than did the owners who began 15 years ago. 



The common saying that the tenant farmer moves from one farm 

 to another every year is not supported by the data in Table XXXI. 

 Five years is the average period that the tenants had rented the 

 farms of which the records were taken. 



RELATION OF THE EDUCATION OF THE FARMER TO HIS INCOME. 



Unquestionably one of the best things for a young man who intends 

 to become a farmer is a good high-school education. Many farmers 

 with very little schooling succeed, but these same men would do better 

 if they had had the opportunity of further training. No one ever 

 hears a farmer regret that he spent a part of his early life in school. 



In Table XXXII the farmers are divided according to the extent 

 of their education. 



Table XXXII. — Relation of the owner's or tenant's education to Ms income on 

 farms in Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa. 





Operated by owners (273 farms). 



Operated by tenants (247 farms). 



Education. 



Num- 

 ber of 

 farms. 



Aver- 

 age size 

 (acres). 



Aver- 

 age cap- 

 ital. 



Aver- 

 age 

 labor 

 income. 



Aver- 

 age 

 age. 



Num- 

 ber of 

 farms. 



Aver- 

 age size 

 (acres). 



Aver- 

 age cap- 

 ital. 



Aver- 

 age 

 labor 

 income. 



Aver- 

 age 

 age. 



None at school 



Common school 



4 



214 



46 



9 



91 

 165 

 206 

 240 



$15,039 

 27,494 

 37,725 

 42, 781 



—$586 

 301 

 651 

 796 



55 

 51 

 46 

 S3 



4 

 186 



51 

 6 



118 

 167 

 190 

 294 



$1,650 

 2,200 

 3,203 

 3,351 



$680 



742 



1,268 



1,721 



40 

 38 

 33 



College, etc 



41 



Total or average. 



273 



178 



30,606 



408 



49.8 



247 



172 



2,431 



870 



37 



There were only eight men, four owners and four tenants, who 

 nev r er had a school training. Of the owners and tenants 77 per cent 

 attended a common or district school. About 18 per cent attended 

 a high school, and one out of every 35 went to college or to some 

 institution of similar grade. 



On the whole the tenants had received more education than the 

 owners, 23 per cent of them having more than a district-school 

 education, while only 20 per cent of the owners had such training. 



