10 BULLETIN 46, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



has been encountered in the State, and this only to a very small 

 extent. 



Paris series. — The soils of the Paris series are dark gray to dark 

 brown and are usually rich in organic matter. The clay subsoils are 

 brownish to reddish brown. Drainage is well established. These 

 soils are developed on nearly flat table-land areas in coves. They 

 are well suited to general farm crops, such as corn and grain. The 

 loam is the only type which has been encountered in the State, and 

 this only to a very small extent. 



Chandler series. — The Chandler series consists of grayish-brown 

 to light-brown soils and yellow to reddish-yellow subsoils, the latter 

 having a greasy feel. The types of this series are developed typically 

 in the southern Appalachian Mountains and have been encountered 

 to only a small extent in Virginia. They are derived from meta- 

 m orphic rocks, chiefly micaceous schists. Large areas of the series are 

 rough in topography and stony. These soils are best suited to pastur- 

 age and forestry. They are similar in many respects to the Talladega 

 soils, differing principally in the yellow color of their subsoils. 



The loam is the only type that has been mapped, and this is of no 

 importance for agriculture. 



DESCRIPTION AND USE OF THE SOILS OF THE COASTAL PLAINS 



PROVINCE. 



Norfolk series. — The Norfolk soils are characterized by the light- 

 gray to grayish-yellow color of the surface soils and the yellow color 

 and friable structure of the subsoils. They occupy nearly level to 

 rolling uplands throughout the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, and 

 have been derived mainly from. Piedmont- Appalachian material. 

 The sandy members predominate. These soils are usually deficient 

 in organic matter, which should be added in liberal quantities in an 

 intensive system of agriculture in order to maintain them in their 

 best condition. The members .of this series are variously adapted to 

 early, medium, and late truck crops, and, together with the Ports- 

 mouth series, constitute the great truck soils of the coast country. It 

 is estimated that on about 30,000 acres, or considerably less than 2 

 per cent of the Norfolk series, there are produced, under intensive 

 methods, early truck crops to the value of $10,000,000; on about 3 

 per cent, sweet and Irish potatoes to the value of $8,500,000 ; and on 

 5 per cent, principally in ten of the southeast counties of the State, 

 peanuts to the value of $4,500,000. The remaining 90 per cent of the 

 area of these soils is lying idle or is used for general farming, to which 

 they are not adapted. 



Under similar conditions of climate and exposure the sand is the 

 earliest soil in maturing crops of light yield and is used particularly 



