16 



BULLETIN 46, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



light fanning. The sand is essentially an early truck soil. It is 

 especially adapted to watermelons, beans, and rye, but is too light 

 for the profitable production of heavy farm crops. The clay loam has 

 the smallest representation of any of the Wickham soils, but is the 

 strongest soil of the series and is especially suited to corn, grasses, 

 wheat, and oats. 



Congaree series. — The soils and subsoils of the Congaree series are 

 brown to reddish brown, there being comparatively little change in 

 texture, structure, and color from the surface downward. Occasion- 

 ally grayish and yellowish mottling is encountered in the subsoil of 

 the poorly drained areas. These soils are developed in the over- 

 flowed first bottoms of the streams of the Piedmont region and in 

 similar positions in the Coastal Plains along streams issuing from the 

 Piedmont. The material is derived from the soils of the Piedmont 

 region, with some admixture of Appalachian material, and in the 



Coastal Plains a slight mingling of 

 Coastal Plains material. The soils 

 are very productive, but are usually 

 poorly drained, and crops are 

 sometimes damaged by overflows. 

 Extensive areas are under cultiva- 

 tion to corn, oats, and forage crops ; 

 in the southern part of the State to 

 cotton, and still farther south to 

 sugar cane. 



The loam is well adapted to corn 

 and grasses, and, where drainage 

 is adequate, to wheat and oats. It 

 produces an excellent natural pas- 

 turage for summer grazing of cat- 

 tle, and large yields of corn are secured without fertilizer. The fine 

 sandy loam usually lies at slightly higher elevations than the Con- 

 garee loam. It is adapted to corn, oats, and watermelons.' 



Cumberland series. — The surface soils are brown to yellowish 

 brown in color, while the subsoils are yellow to reddish yellow. The 

 series comprises high terrace soils in the Limestone region of the 

 South. Many of the larger streams traversing the Limestone region 

 formerly flowed at considerably higher levels, and this resulted in 

 the formation of more or less distinct erosion terraces. Upon these 

 terraces was deposited a thin stratum of alluvial material. The 

 surface soils of this series are therefore partly alluvial, while the 

 subsoils are residual from the underlying limestones. 



The gravelly loam is of limited extent. It is used to some ex- 

 tent for corn, oats, and grasses. The loam also has a small acreage. 



Fig. 



-Relative area of 

 Plains soils. 



River Flood 



