18 



BULLETIN 46, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



vial terraces, sometimes standing 200 feet or more above the first 

 bottoms of present streams. The soils consist principally of material 

 washed from sandstone and shale soils, and on this account are some- 

 what less productive than the Elk soils, which they closely resemble, 

 but which contain more limestone material. The Holston soils are 

 generally underlain by sandstone or shale, and in places the lower 

 subsoil seems to be partly residual from these rocks. The soils give 

 fair to good yields of corn, wheat, oats, grass, clover, and forage 

 crops. The silt loam is the only type so far encountered in the State, 

 and this to a very small extent. 



Meadow and Swamp constitute by far the larger part of the 

 River Flood Plains which has been mapped so far in the State. Both 

 are classed under miscellaneous material, as the material is too 

 immature to classify with the soils. The meadow is subject to fre- 

 quent overflow and is liable to change its character with the extent, 

 volume, and velocity of the overflow. It, therefore, has not acquired 

 a definite and persistent texture, which is one of the requisites of 

 classified soil types. Furthermore, drainage is usually not yet well 

 established and the material lacks that circulation of water and of 

 air which is generally associated with classified soils. The Meadow 

 is usually adapted to certain grasses, which often give valuable pas- 

 turage or hay crops. The reclamation of many meadow areas may 

 easily be accomplished by drainage, but in the case of others it may 

 be necessary to protect them from overflow. 



The Swamp is still more immature than the Meadow, in that it 

 rarely has any circulation of water or air, as do agricultural lands, but 

 is under water much or all of the time and is unfit, in its natural 

 condition, for farm crops. However, this may also be reclaimed and 

 converted usually into very productive material, so that Meadow and 

 Swamp may be considered valuable undeveloped resources of the 

 State. 



Table shouting the extent and location of each soil type encountered in the 



survey. 



Province and soil type. 



Key number 



Area of 



to report. 



type. 





Acres. 



1,2,3,6,8,11 



590, 282 



2,3 4 6,7,8,11 



354,992 



4,8 



256, 704 



4,8 



147, 392 



1,7 



171,328 



7 



27,200 



2,4,7,8,11 



142, 430 



4 



3,840 



2,6,8,11 



59, 558 



1,7 



25,664 



4,7 



23,232 



1,4 



6,976 



7 



- 1,280 



7 



512 



4 



14,464 



2,4 



4,032 



11 



8. 520 



Area of 

 series. 



Piedmont Plateau soils: 



Cecil sandy loam 



clay 



Louisa loam 



fine sandy loam 



Chester loam 



sandy loam . . . 



Iredell clay loam 



Gne sandy loam 

 Durham sandy loam. . . 



Penn clay 



loam 



sandy loam 



stony loam 



gravelly loam . . . 

 York fine sandy loam. 



loam 



Worsham sandv loam. , 



Acres. 

 945, 274 



404, 096 



198, 528 



146, 270 

 59, 558 



57,664 



18, 496 

 8.520 



