EEINDEER IN ALASKA. 59 



The form of treatment which was used is based on that recom- 

 mended by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry and is as 

 follows: The dog should be fasted for 12 hours. It is then given 3 

 cubic centimeters, or three-fourths teaspoonful of oleoresin male fern 

 in 2 ounces of warm milk. This dose was found satisfactory for sled 

 dogs of ordinary size. The dog's head must be firmly held and the 

 medicine poured slowly into the pouch at the side of the mouth. The 

 medicine will run between the closed teeth, and the dog's jaws need 

 not be separated. As soon as the medicine has been swallowed the 

 dog's head should be tied for a period of three-quarters of an hour 

 30 that it can not lower it to vomit, after which a dose of nut areca 

 is administered. This dose consists of 3 grams, or about a level 

 ::easpoonful, of freshly ground nut areca diluted with 2 ounces of 

 milk. The dog's head is again kept tied for about half an hour. The 

 iog should be kept chained until it has passed the worms, which must 

 oe collected and burned. These directions have been followed by a 

 iiumber of dog owners in Alaska and the reports received have been 

 'avorable throughout. 



; Reindeer tapeworms. — ^Two species of tapeworm have been found 

 fin reindeer. One, a' species of Moniezia, has been collected in six 

 ifferent herds. The other worm is evidently rarer and has only 

 een found once. The tapeworms often attain a length of 10 feet or 

 ver and as many as nine have been taken from a single fawn. When 

 le worms are numerous the fawns must necessarily be adversely 

 ffected. Unfortunately, no satisfactory method of prevention has 

 3en developed so far, since the life history of the worm is unknown, 

 [owever, it has been noticed that the worms are more numerous in 

 osely herded animals, which is an indication that the old grazing 

 "ounds are the most heavily infested. These tapeworms seem to 

 tack young animals almost exclusively, and in only one instance 

 ^ere they encountered in an adult. 



LUNG WORMS (DICTYOCAULUS Sp.). 



Lung worms, as their name implies, are to be found in the lungs. 



bad cases the air tubes may be filled with tangled skeins of worms, 

 iroxysms of coughing occur and the deer often project masses of 

 icus several feet in front of them. Usually, however, the coughed- 

 1 mucus is swallowed, and the worm eggs which are contained in it 

 |[3 passed through the alimentary canal with the droppings. Bron- 

 D-pneumonia is associated with lung worms. The adult worms 

 re found in the 2-year-old reindeer and also in some cases in old 

 imals, where they were collected in great numbers. The eggs of 



g worms hatch as a rule in the lungs, or if they are coughed up, 



y hatch outside the body on the ground and are thus passed on to 



er animals, which pick them up while grazing. 



