PINE-OIL AND PINE-DISTILLATE PRODUCT EMULSIONS. 



9 



then centrifuged at 1,200 revolutions per minute, for 5 minutes, and 

 the volume of unpolymerized material read off. 



Refractive index. — The refractive index was determined on an 

 Abbe type refractometer, the temperature being kept at 20° C. 



RESULTS OF EXAMINATION. 



The results on the steam and steam- and-sol vent process pine oils 

 are given in Table 1. 



Table 1. — Composition of steam and steam-and-solvent process pine oils. 



Labor- 

 atory 

 No. 



Method of manufac- 

 ture. 



Density 

 at 20° C. 



Refrac- 

 tive in- 

 dex at 

 20° C. 



Water. 



Oil dis- 

 tilled 

 below 



190° C. 



Distil- 

 late, 

 190°- 



220° C. 



Unpoly- 

 merized. 



Resinous 

 material. 



51704. . 





0.932 

 .942 

 .945 

 .930 

 .927 

 .932 



1. 4870 

 1.4S48 

 1. 4833 

 1. 4820 

 1. 4820 

 1.4835 



Per cent. 



Trace. 



0.6 



.8 



1.0 



.6 



.4 



Per cent. 

 3.0 

 1.8 

 1.2 

 3.6 

 7.0 

 4.0 



Per cent. 

 87.6 

 94.6 

 92.0 

 92.0 

 89.0 

 92.4 



Per cent. 

 2.0 

 1.2 

 1.2 

 1.2 

 2.0 

 3.2 



Per cent. 

 0.09 



31859... 

 31860... 



.....do 



do 



.37 

 .05 



31705... 

 31706... 



Steam-and-solveiit 



do 



.17 

 .27 



31707. . 



do 



.20 









These oils, although obtained from widely separated points, are 

 quite similar according to these analyses. The densities vary from 

 0.927 to 0.945, and the refractive indices from 1.4820 to 1.4870. In 

 no case did the water exceed 1 per cent or the resinous material 0.5 

 per cent. The distillate between 190° and 220° C. was from 87.6 to 

 94.6 per cent. 



The destructive-distillation pine oils vary much more in their 

 properties, as will be seen from the results in Table 2. 



Table 2.— Composition of destructive-distillation pine oils. 



Laboratory No. 



Density 

 at 20° C. 



Refrac- 

 tive in- 

 dex at 

 20° C 



Water. 



Oil dis- 

 tilled 

 below 

 190° C. 



Distillate 



190°- 



220° C. 



Unpoly- 

 merized. 



Resinous 

 material. 



31708 



0. 893 

 .903 

 .929 

 .949 

 .944 

 .886 



1. 4868 

 1. 4920 

 1.5000 

 1.4995 

 1. 5035 

 1. 4945 



Per cent. 

 Trace. 

 Trace. 

 None. 

 0.4 

 Trace. 

 Trace. 



Per cent. 

 47.0 

 14.8 

 None. 

 Trace. 

 11.0 

 65.2 



Per cent. 

 50.2 

 82.0 

 98.0 

 91.4 

 65.4 

 32.4 



Per cent. 

 0.8 



.8 

 .8 

 .8 

 .8 

 .8 



Per cent. 

 0.02 



31709 



.38 



31711 



.10 



31712.. • 



.10 



31713 



i 12. 50 



31714 



1 1.70 







1 Contained appreciable amounts of wood-tar phenols or creosote. 



The densities vary from 0.886 to 0.949 ; the refractive indices from 

 1.4868 to 1.5035 ; the distillate below 190° C, from none to 65.2 per 

 cent; and the alkali-soluble material from 0.02 to 12.5 per cent. In 

 color the oils vary from a light yellow, similar to that of steam- 

 process pine oil, to a dark reddish brown. Certain of them are al- 

 most free from the smoky odor characteristic of destructive wood 

 distillates, while others are heavy with it. 



