8 



BULLETIN 990, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Middling Yellow Tinged. Good Middling Blue Stained, and Mid- 

 dling Blue Stained. 



Blue. — The bleached yarn was dyed with the following formula: 

 2 per cent brilliant fast blue 2G, 0.5 per cent Pluto Black 5 P. S. 

 Extra, 10 per cent Glauber's salt, and 2 per cent Solvay soda. The 

 yarn was treated in this bath for 1 hour at 180° F., washed in warm 

 water (120° F.), and then in cold water and dried. 



Good blues were obtained on ail the grades, with very little differ- 

 ence in depth of color. 



Breaking strength of bleached and dyed yarns: 



Single-strand tests were made of the gray, bleached, and dyed 

 yarns to determine the effect of bleaching and dyeing on the strength 

 of the yarns. The results of these tests are shown in Table 7. To 

 put the results on a commercial basis, different skeins were used in 

 the gray, bleached, and dyed tests. 



Table 7. — Average breaking strength in ounces of single strands from gray 

 bleached, and dyed, yarn spun from the different grades of cotton. (Textile 

 School Test.) 



Yarn. 



4.25 j/ 22: 



Gray 



Bleached . . 



Dyed pink 



Dved blue. 

 4.50 1/22: 



Gray 



Bleached . . 



Dyed pink 



Dyed blue. 

 4.75j/22: 



Gray 



Bleached . . 



Dyed pink 



Dyed blue 



L.M. 



Ounces. 

 10.4 

 9.4 

 10.3 



9.4 



10.4 

 10.4 

 10.0 

 10.1 



10.6 

 9.7 



10.1 

 9.3 



G.M. 

 Y.T. 



Ounces. 

 11.0 

 12.0 

 10.5 

 11.4 



11.1 

 12.0 

 11.9 

 11.9 



11.4 

 8.7 

 11.2 

 10.7 



M.Y.T. 



Ounces. 

 11.2 

 10.5 

 11.1 

 10.6 



11.9 

 10.9 

 10.0 



10.8 



11.2 

 11.6 

 10.4 

 11.0 



L.M. 

 Y.T. 



Ounces. 

 11.1 

 11.3 

 10.1 



8.7 



11.0 

 10.2 

 10.1 

 9.6 



10.7 

 11.4 

 9.6 



G.M. 

 Y.S. 



Ounces. 

 11.8 

 12.2 

 11.6 

 11.0 



11.1 

 11.7 

 11.0 

 10.7 



11.8 

 11.8 

 10.7 

 10.7 



M.Y.S. 



Ounces. 

 11.0 

 11.9 

 12.2 

 10.4 



10.4 

 9.8 

 12.0 

 11.5 



10.5 

 12.0 

 10.5 

 10.9 



G.M. 

 B.S. 



Ounces. 

 10.0 

 10.9 

 11.3 

 9.6 



10*5 

 9.0 

 9.7 



10.1 



9.9 

 9.2 

 9.3 

 10.2 



M.B.S. 



Ounces. 



10.2 



9.4 



10.0 



10.0 



10.9 

 10.4 

 9.6 

 9.2 



10.7 

 9.5 

 9.5 

 9.4 



Aver- 

 age. 



Ounces. 

 10.84 

 10.95 

 10.89 

 10.14 



10.91 



10.55 

 10.48 

 10.49 



10.85 

 10.49 

 10.16 

 10.26 



MILL TEST. 3 



Tests were made at a bleaching and dyeing plant to give results 

 under commercial conditions. Both the chlorine and peroxide 

 bleaches were tried on all the different grades. 



Chlorine bleach: 



Scouring. — The yarn was first washed in cold water and boiled for 

 2 hours in a solution of 2 per cent caustic soda and 1 per cent Turkey 

 Red Oil. 4 It was then washed in cold water. 



Souring. — The yarn was soured in 1 per cent hydrochloric acid for 

 one-half hour and then washed in cold water. 



8 These tests were made in a mill at Providence, R. I. The tests were conducted by 

 Chris. E. Folk, assistant in cotton testing. Valuable assistance was rendered by E. S. 

 Graves, general manager, and W. A. Traver, superintendent of the mills. 



4 All percentages are based on weight of the goods being bleached. 



