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BULLETIN 997, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Fitting ground other than plowing. — The tractors did the greater 

 part of the work of disking, harrowing, and rolling, but on the average 

 the amount of horse labor used for these operations was nearly 

 twice as great as that used for plowing. Twice as much horse labor 

 was used for disking in Livingston County, 111., as in any other area, 

 which was due mainly to soil conditions in that area. It had been 

 found on some of the farms that the use of the tractor on plowed 

 ground packed the soil seriously, and on such farms the horses did 

 practically all the disking of plowed ground during the year covered 

 by the investigation. 



Seeding grain. — -The table shows that small grain was drilled almost 

 exclusively in the Ohio areas and in Madison County, Ind., but that 

 endgate seeders were in common used in other areas. A few farmers 

 in each of the first three areas used endgate seeders for sowing their 



Fig. S. — One mail and three horses on a two-row cultivator accomplish nearly twice as much work as 

 one man and two horses on a one-row machine. 



oats, but the common practice was to use the drill for both oats and 

 wheat. In the three latter areas practically all the oats was sown 

 with endgate seeders. The use of the endgate seeder reduces both 

 horse-labor and man-labor requirements for this operation, the aver- 

 age daily duty of one horse with the endgate seeder being 20 acres 

 and with the drill only 4 acres. 



Planting corn. — Corn planting was done entirely with horses on 

 every farm and the 2-row, 2-horse machine was used exclusively. 

 The differences in the average requirements per farm for this operation 

 are due largely to the differences in the acreage devoted to this crop 

 in the different areas (see Table 2) . 



Cultivating corn. — Two men cultivated all their corn with their 

 tractors, and 14 others used their machines for part of this work. 

 The table shows that on the average more horse labor'was used in corn 



