8 BULLETIN 1000, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



any great extent in Virginia and Maryland, but was used in Pennsyl- 

 vania and Delaware. Spring- tooth harrowing was quite common. 

 The ground was rolled or dragged once in Virginia and Maryland and 

 twice in Pennsylvania and Delaware. Very little harrowing was 

 done after planting. From three to five cultivations were given in 

 the eastern districts. 



The average fertilizer application for the five eastern districts was 

 193 pounds per acre where used. Excepting in the Indiana district, no 

 commercial fertilizer was applied by the farmers in western districts. 



Table 2. — Co r m: Percentage distribution of costs. 





Corn-belt areas. 



Eastern areas. 



Item. 



Distri- 

 bution of 

 operating 

 expense. 



Distri- 

 bution of 

 total 

 costs. 



Distri- 

 bution of 

 operating 

 expense. 



Distri- 

 bution of 

 total 

 costs. 





Per cent. 

 31.1 

 44.8 



Per cent. 

 20.5 

 29.5 



Per cent. 

 40.7 

 25.9 



Per cent. 

 33.0 





21.0 







Materials: 



Seed 



2.3 



1.5 



1.0 



1.4 

 17.2 

 1.5 



.8 





1.2 





7.2 



4.8 



14.0 





1.2 













9.5 



6.3 1 21.1 



17.2 







Other costs: 



7.7 

 6.9 



5.0 

 4.5 



7.9 

 4.4 



6.4 

 3.6 





14.6 



9.5 | 12.3 



10.0 











34.2 





18.8 













Value of land per acre 



S184 



S163 



a Includes taxes and insurance. 



CORN SILAGE. 



In Table 3 (corn silage) the labor is divided into two groups, the 

 first of which includes all the labor from manure hauling up to the 

 last cultivation, the second the operations from the time cut- 

 ting begins to packing the corn into the silo. For the regions studied 

 the operations performed in growing and harvesting silage are very 

 much the same. The variations in labor requirements are therefore 

 due chiefly to differences in methods of doing the same kind of work. 

 The use of large power units for seed-bed preparation and cultivation 

 is an important factor in reducing the man-labor cost. For example, 

 on the Iowa farms, which report the lowest man-labor requirement 

 per acre, prior to harvest, the man and horse hour ratio is 1 to 2% f 

 while in Ohio, which reports the highest labor requirement prior to 

 harvest, it is 1 to 1.6. Other factors that may contribute to making 

 these variations in man-labor requirements are difference in quantity 



