UTILIZATION OF WASTE TOMATO SEEDS AND SKINS. 9 



tomato-seed oil contains 12.47 per cent of palmitin and 5.89 per 

 cent of stearin. 



The liquid acids, constituting 75.84 per cent of the oil, possess 

 properties which indicate the presence of oleic acid and possibly 

 some linoleic acid. 



The specific gravity of the liquid acids, 0.9013 at 25° C, 

 would indicate a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids, since the specific 

 gravity of pure oleic acid is 0.893 at 25° C. and linoleic acid 0.9206 

 at 14° C. The index of refraction corresponds closely with oleic 

 acid, which possesses an index of refraction of 1.4603 at 25° C. 



The neutralization value of 192,3 is somewhat lower than that of 

 pure oleic acid, 198.9, and pure linoleic acid, 200.4. The iodin value, 

 130, possibly also indicates a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids 

 with a preponderance of oleic acid. Some commercial oleic acids 

 have idoin values as high as 100 to 110, while pure linoleic acid 

 possesses an iodin value of 181.42. 



Using the method of Lewkowitsch (10, v. 1, p. 457), for calculating 

 the approximate proportions of oleic and linoleic acids present from 

 the iodin value as a basis, it was found that the liquid acids consist of 

 56.8 per cent of oleic acid and 43.2 per cent of linoleic acid. Reducing 

 these percentages of oleic and linoleic acids to terms of the original 

 oil, which consists of 75.84 per cent of liquid acids, it is found that 

 the oil contains approximately 43.07 per cent of oleic acid and 32.76 

 per cent of linoleic acid. These acids are contained in the oil in 

 the form of the glycerids olein and linolein, which contain 95.7 and 

 95.67 per cent, respectively, of oleic and linoleic acids. By calculation 

 it is found, therefore, that the oil consists approximately of 45 per 

 cent of olein and 34.2 per cent of linolein. 



A summary of the results of the chemical examination of tomato- 

 seed oil indicates the following approximate composition: Olein, 45 

 per cent; linolein, 34.2 per cent; palmitin, 12.47 per cent; stearin, 

 5.89 per cent — the remaining portion consisting of free acids and 

 unsaponifiable matter. 



AVAILABLE QUANTITY OF THE OIL. 



Estimating the annual output of dry tomato waste from the various 

 pulping plants in the United States at 3,390 tons, there would result 

 from this waste 1,560 tons of dry seeds. The quantity of oil capable 

 of being extracted from these seeds is readily ascertained. Since by 

 extracting with volatile solvents 22 per cent of the oil can be ob- 

 tained, the total available quantity would be about 343 tons annually. 

 This quantity would, however, increase each year with the increased 

 output of tomato products. 



