12 



BULLETIN 639, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



Table IX. — Comparison of transportation rates on electric and steam railways 

 in the Detroit market milk territory during the year 1915. 



Rates per 



10-gallon 



can. 



Distance, in miles, for which rates apply. 



Detroit 

 United 



Railways 

 (electric;. 



Pere Michigan Grand 

 Marquette Central Trunk 

 Railroad. Railroad. Railroad. 



$0.15 

 .20 

 .21 

 .22 

 .23 

 .24 

 .25 

 .26 

 .27 

 .28 

 .29 

 .30 



1-30 



1-25 



1-25 

 26-30 

 31-35 

 3640 

 41-45 

 46-50 

 51-60 

 61-70 

 71-80 

 81-90 

 91-100 



1-25 ! 1-17 



1-25 18-55 



26-30 : 





31-35 

 36-40 

 41-15 

 46-50 

 51-60 

 61-70 

 71-80 

 81-90 

 91-100 



31-35 



36-40 ! 



41-15 



46-50 56-75 

 51-60 



61-70 



71-80 .". 



81-90 



91-100 76-100 



In order to transport bottled milk from a milk-bottling plant 

 about 30 miles from Detroit, an insulated milk car on the electric line 

 •was equipped with brine pipes by means of which the car could be 

 refrigerated. Refrigeration was obtained by connecting the brine 

 coils under the ceiling of the car with the brine tanks in the country 

 milk plant, and while the car was being loaded the cold brine was 

 pumped through the coils, thus cooling or refrigerating the car. 

 Milk containers made of fiber were used in place of glass bottles. 

 (See PL II, fig. 1.) 



The concrete roads which extend into the country surrounding 

 Detroit make it possible to haul a considerable portion of the milk 

 direct from the farms or country milk stations to the city milk 

 plants. Both horse-drawn and motor trucks are used for the pur- 

 pose, although, because of their greater speed, the latter are super- 

 seding the former, especially on long hauls. 



From a number of country milk stations milk was trucked to the 

 city plants by the same men who had charge of the receiving and 

 cooling operations. The actual amounts paid by milk dealers to per- 

 sons who hauled milk from country stations to the city, by either 

 motor or horse truck, were ascertained at several stations. Table X 

 presents a comparison of the trucking costs with the transportation 

 rates for equal distances by rail. 



Table X. — Costs of trucking milk compared with rail transportation rates. 



Number ofstation. 



Average 

 number 

 of cans 

 hauled 

 daily. 



Distance 

 hauled 

 (miles). 



Comparative transportation 

 costs per can. 



Trucks. 



Steam 

 roads. 



Electric 

 roads. 



1 



30.7 

 31.6 

 46.5 

 40.5 

 112.5 

 49.4 

 41.1 

 43.7 



12 



12 

 12 

 15 

 15 

 20 

 25 

 25 



$0. 15 

 .15 

 .15 



SO. 20 

 .20 

 .20 



JO. 15 



2 



.15 



3 



.15 



4 



.]75 



.20 



.15 





.175 .20 

 .175 .20 

 .175 .20 

 .175 .20 



.15 



6 



.15 



7 



.15 



8 



.15 











Average . 



.15 



