14 



BULLETIN 639, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



deducted. The average costs of collecting, handling, and transport- 

 ing to city amount to approximately 25 per cent of the net price paid 

 to the farmers. The last column of the table shows that the cost of 

 milk delivered in Detroit varied considerably, depending upon where 

 it was bought and the varying costs of collecting, handling at sta- 

 tions, and transportation to the city. The dealers paid varying 

 prices in different communities, in accordance with the local competi- 

 tive conditions and the city demands for market milk. There was 

 no fundamental cost basis for the prices which then prevailed in the 

 Detroit territory. (Sec also Table II and fig. 2.) 



TRADE DEMANDS IX DETROIT. 



The business of milk dealers usually consisted of a combination of 

 wholesale and retail trade. The wholesale trade required milk and 

 cream in both cans and bottles ; hotels, restaurants, ice-cream manu- 

 facturers, and bakeries generally purchased bulk goods, while hospi- 

 tals, sanitariums, saloons, and soda fountains required both bulk and 

 bottled goods. Eetail stores also bought bottled goods at wholesale 

 prices. Prices paid by that class of trade varied greatly, depending 

 largely upon the grade and quantity purchased, as well as upon 

 changing market conditions. Wholesale prices for common milk 

 generally fluctuated around 22 cents a gallon in bulk and 7 cent's a 

 quart in bottles. 



The retail trade of milk dealers consisted of sales to families and 

 (for luncheon) to office and factory workers. The retail price for 

 common milk in Detroit during June, July, and August, 1915 (the 

 time covered by this study) was about 8 cents a quart. 



Table XII shows the variation of demand on retail milk routes. 



Table XII.- 



-Variable 



demands of retail customers for 



milk, cream, 



and other 



milk products, by different retail routes. 









Commonmilk. 



Certified and 

 special. 



■ 

 Cream. 



Butter- 

 milk. 



Average 

 daily sales. 



a 



3 







3 



o 



SB 





• 



m 







• 



, 



_ 



s- 





m 











a 



Number of 

 customers 

 on route. 



- 

 o 



o 



3 

 o 



"5 i. 



e3 



3 



c 

 o 



3 

 o 



o « 



- 

 — 



o 



"3 2 



05 3 



a 



3 

 o 



o :£- 



i 



3 



3 

 



"o ?- 



s 



3 

 — 



3 

 







 3 











© 



•r. 



IB 





Uk 



u 



a - 



t* 





























Z = 



3 



ra 











o-** 























- 





fl 













a 









u 







•** 





- 





3 



ID 



3 





3 





3 



U4 



- 



u 



u 



u 



O 



> 





'A 



- 



A 



~ 



A 



- z - A - 



£ 





'A 





A 







P4 



^ 



< 



351 



122 



34.7 



23E 



67.2 



3 



0.8 4| l.l| 3| 0.8 



34 



9.6 



24 



6.8 



4 



1.1 



824.44 



$0,069 



$247.00 



$0. 703 



214 



92 

 156 



42. 9 130 60. 7 



45. 4 215 62. 6 



5 

 4 



? 3 







% •) 



12 5.6 

 25 7.2 



2 



O 



14.50 

 27.70 



.067 

 .080 



183.00 

 409.00 





343 



1.1 



5 



1.4 4 1.1 



4312.5 



8 2.3 



1.192 



273 



109 39. 9 188 68. 8 

 13040.7 207 64.8 



■A 



1.0 

 2.5 



4 

 2 



1.4 

 .6 



5 1.8 



30,10.9 

 28 8.7 



3512.8 10, 3.6 

 28 8.7^ 10 3.1 



22.22 

 24.02 



.081 

 .075 



261.00 

 339.00 



.956 



319 



1.062 



356 



129 36. 2 239 67. 1 

 134 39. 8 2.52 75. 

 183 53. 1 2.51 72. 9 













5114.3 

 12 3.5 

 8 2.3 



5716.0 6 1.6 

 1 .2 13 3.8 



4 1. 1 10 2. 9 



26.54 



22.61 

 26.54 



.074 

 .067 

 .077 



351.00 

 234.00 

 321.00 



.985 



336 



1 

 1 



.2 

 .2 









.696 



344 



4 



1.1 





.933 



342 



157 45. 9 2-50 73. C 



10 



2.9 



2 



.5 



2 .5 



33l 9.6 



25 7.3| 6 1.7 



28.62 



.083 



440.00 



1.286 



125 



70 56.0 70 56.0 



2 



1.6 



2 



1.6 



3 2.4 



20 16. 



12 9. 6 7 5. 6 



11.83 



.093 



176.00 



1.408 



A-»eiage,300. 



128,42. 6 204m o!3. 7 



1 I i 1 



1.2 



2.3 



.7 1.7 ( .5 26.61 8.8.22.3 



7.4 7.6 



2.5 



22.90 



.076 



296.00 



.986 



