PRODUCTION OF MILK OF LOW BACTERIAL CONTENT. 



23 



Table 7. 



-Bacteria per cubic centimeter in dual sample* of fresh milk pro- 

 duced under conditions described in. Experiment Xo. 6. 



Date. 



Hay 

 May 



May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 May 

 Hay 

 May 

 May 



1916. 



8, a. m 



9, p. m 



10, a. m 



11, p. m 



12, a. m 



12, p. m 



13, a. m 



13, p. m 



15, a. m 



15, p. m 



16, a. m 



16, p. m 



17,a. m 



17, p. m 



18, a. m 



18, p. m 



19, a. m 



21, p. m 



22, a. m 



Sample 



Open 



Xo. 



pail. 



1 



149.000 



9 



53.000 



3 



22.500 



4 



39.000 







6,800 



6 



36.300 



7 



10S.OOO 



8 



4S.000 



9 



82.000 



10 



34.000 



11 



115. 000 



12 



126,000 



13 



207,000 



14 



151, 000 



15 



154,000 



16 



99.000 



17 



167,000 



18 



126.000 



19 



216.000 



Small-top 

 pail. 



55,000 

 12,200 

 18,100 

 19,500 

 12,400 

 6,100 

 71.000 

 40,000 

 193; 000 

 56,000 

 169,000 

 166,000 

 210", 000 

 42.000 



6s;ooo 



74,000 

 94.000 

 87.600 

 159,000 



Date. 



Sample 

 No.. 



1916. 



May 22, p. m 



May 23, a. m 



May 23, p. m 



May 24, a. m 



May 24, p. m 



May 25, a. m 



May 25, p. m 



May 26, a. m 



May 26, p. m 



May 27, a. m 



May 27, p. m 



May 29, a. m 



May 29, p. m 



May 30, a. m 



May 30, p. m 



May 31, a. m 



May 31, p. m 



Average. 



Open 

 pail. 



168,000 

 202.000 

 279.000 

 332.000 

 227. 000 

 215'. 000 

 198', 000 

 209,000 

 1S1,000 

 176.000 

 196'. 000 

 256,000 

 240,000 

 33S.OO0 

 191'. 000 

 99,000 

 94,000 



Small-top 

 pail. 



125.000 



230;000 



201,000 



265,000 



148,000 



168,000 



86,000 



157'. 000 



7S.000 



186; 000 



93.000 



12S.000 



312.000 



16i;000 



94.000 



74; 000 



63.000 



153,905 114,497 



In all the experiments the utensils were probably Trashed more 

 carefully than on the average farm, and to show how many bacteria 

 may be introduced into milk under dirty conditions when utensils 

 are not washed until just before milking, figures from another series 

 of experiments may be of interest. In the latter experiments milk 

 produced with the use of the small-top -pails showed an average 

 count of 1.309.000 compared with 2.015.000 bacteria per cubic centi- 

 meter in open pails. "While in this experiment utensils were han- 

 dled in an extremely careless manner, the results show that a large 

 number of bacteria may be introduced from unsterilized utensils. 



"While the average count from the open pail was higher than from 

 the small-top pail, the value of the latter can not be accurately deter- 

 mined from the results, because the utensils were not sterilized. In 

 a general way, however, the small-top pail has some value even under 

 the conditions described. 



The results obtained in Experiment Xo. 6 confirm those obtained 

 in our first experiment and indicate that the greatest contamination 

 of milk -comes from the use of unsterilized utensils. 



EXPERIMENT XO. 7. (COWS AXD FLOOR CLEAX, MAXURE REMOVED DAILY, 

 UDDERS AXD TEATS OF COWS WASHED, UTEXSILS STERILIZED.) 



Experiment Xo. 7 was conducted under the same conditions as 

 Experiment Xo. 1 except that the cows were not bedded. The gen- 

 eral condition of the barn during the experiment is illustrated in 

 figure 14 and that of the cows in figure 15. The floor of the stable 

 was kept comparatively clean, the manure was removed daily, the 

 utensils were sterilized, and at each milking the cows were cleaned 

 and udders and teats were wiped with a damp cloth. Only a few 

 samples of milk were taken during this experiment, which continued 



