THE MELON FLY. 29 



out of 692 young protected watermelons were actually free from in- 

 festation. 



Certain Japanese growers ward off attack by burying the young 

 fruits in the soil or by surrounding them with straw or trash until 

 they are sufficiently old to withstand fatal attack. In certain light 

 soils cantaloupes are kept buried in the soil until they are ripe and 

 they appear upon the market almost white in color. The most suc- 

 cessful of protective coverings are those shown in figure 24. In this 

 case the Momordica vines are grown over bushes, hence the young 

 fruits can be found easily and inclosed in long cases made from 

 newspapers and resembling envelopes cut across at both ends. These 

 cases are left open at the lower end, but are never entered by the 

 adult flies. 



MEASURES TAKEN TO KEEP THE FRUIT FLIES OF HAWAII FROM 

 GAINING A FOOTHOLD IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES. 



The Federal Horticultural Board, by means of its Quarantine 

 No. 13, entitled " Mediterranean Fruit Fly and Melon Fly," issued 

 March 23, 1914, is doing all that man can do to prevent the two 

 fruit-fly pests of Hawaii from becoming introduced into main- 

 land United States. The regulations of the quarantine practically 

 have put a stop to the movement of fruits and vegetables from 

 Hawaii. Certain fruits and vegetables, however, such as bananas 

 of the noncooking type, pineapples, taro, and coconuts, and others, 

 when it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Department of Agri- 

 culture that in the form in which they are to be shipped they are 

 not and can not be a means of conveying either the Mediterranean 

 fruit fly or the melon fly, may be moved or allowed to move from 

 Hawaii into or through any other State, Territory, or District of 

 the United States when they have been inspected by the United 

 States Department of Agriculture, certified to be free from infesta- 

 tation, and marked in compliance with the regulations. Pineapples, 

 taro, and coconuts do not support the fruit flies of Hawaii, neither 

 do bananas when shipped according to trade requirements. In prac- 

 tice the quarantine eliminates all shipments of fruit except the four 

 just mentioned, and of these pineapples and bananas only are regu- 

 larly shipped. 



The enforcement of the quarantine is divided between the repre- 

 sentative of the board in Hawaii and those at the ports of entry to 

 the mainland, notably San Francisco, San Pedro, and Seattle. In 

 Hawaii it is the duty of the inspector to see that the fruit is grown 

 under conditions reasonably sanitary from a fruit-fly standpoint, that 

 each package or bundle offered for shipment is inspected and bears a 

 certificate to that effect, and that transporting companies do not re- 



