CONTRACTS USED IN RENTING FARMS ON SHAKES. 13 



sale of heifer calves previously to final settlement go two-thirds to 

 the owner and one-third to the farmer. At the termination of the 

 contract enough stock is sold to repay the owner for his original 

 investment, while the remainder goes two-thirds to the owner and 

 one-third to the farmer. In cases of this sort the farmer receives 

 all of the milk. 



According to another scheme somewhat in vogue in Wisconsin, 

 the farmer stables, pastures, feeds, and cares for the cattle furnished 

 by the breeder, and receives 50 cents a head per month from May to 

 October, inclusive, and $2 per head per month from November to 

 April, inclusive. The farmer also receives $1 per month per head 

 for testing the cows to determine the milk yield and percentage of 

 fat. The farmer and the cattle breeder share equally in the invest- 

 ment and in all expenses except feed and labor, which are furnished 

 by the farmer. Moreover, the cattle breeder pays for stenographer, 

 and other expenses connected with correspondence. Both share 

 equally in the sales, but the farmer receives all of the milk. 



These systems of handling cows and breeding stock are, of course, 

 not comparable with any general system of leasing land for the pur- 

 pose of stock production, since the farm owner is virtually a tenant 

 in relation to the cattle breeder or owner of the live stock. The 

 few cases in which the conditions of the contract arrangement are 

 known are merely considered interesting as showing the methods 

 which have been adopted for handling such problems. 



Milk and cream. — On dairy farms in all States where expenses are 

 shared equally the landowner receives one-half the milk, whether it 

 is sold as market milk or to a condenser, butter factory, or cheese 

 factory, or one-half of the cream. The landlord may furnish one- 

 half the cows and sometimes one-half the tools and work horses. In 

 some States the landlord furnishes all of the cows, but the tenant 

 must bear half of the expense of cows purchased to keep up the herd 

 and replace cows that die. Sometimes, as in Sussex County, N. J., 

 the tenant furnishes only labor and one-third of the feed and fertil- 

 izer, receiving one-third of the milk proceeds. A similar arrange- 

 ment is found in Delaware. 



Beef cattle. — In several States where the production of beef cattle 

 has become a large industry, as in Iowa, for example, the tenant may 

 furnish tools and work horses, haul the milfc: and pay the road taxes, 

 while the landlord pays other real estate taxes and furnishes one- 

 half the cows, beef cattle, and hogs. In cases of this sort the cost of 

 feed and seed is shared equally and the proceeds from the cattle 

 which are sold are divided half and half. 



A breeder of Angus cattle in Illinois rented herds of these cattle 

 to a number of farmers for 10 years. The bull calves were sold as 



