BLACK WALNUT! ITS GROWTH AND MANAGEMENT. 11 



contain a considerable amount of merchantable walnut, as well as 

 much small growth. In the region of the Great Kanawha and New 

 Rivers the walnut has been almost entirely removed. In the extreme 

 southwestern part of the State there are scattered stands. Though 

 walnut grows to good size in West Virginia, it is not so large,. in gen- 

 eral, as in Ohio or Indiana, and it is also more defective. 



Kentucky. — Kentucky is a heavy producer of walnut and still con- 

 tains large quantities in spite of long-continued cutting. The blue- 

 grass region of central Kentucky is the main source of supply on 

 account of the ease with which most of the timber may be obtained 

 and because of its general distribution on nearly every farm and 

 wood lot. The largest amounts, however, are in the mountains of 

 eastern Kentucky, but these supplies have hitherto been inaccessible, 

 even at high war prices, on account of the long hauls over inferior 

 roads and the small amounts available in any one place. In extreme 

 western Kentucky the principal forest is the more characteristically 

 southern type of bottom-land hardwoods in which walnut -is an 

 insignificant member. 



Tennessee. — Tennessee is divided into three walnut-producing dis- 

 tricts — east, middle, and west Tennessee — each containing different 

 topographical and forest types. East Tennessee is mountainous and 

 contains a great deal of walnut scattered as field trees in the agricul- 

 tural lands of the valleys and appearing quite generally in wood lots 

 and in the hardwood type, where it makes excellent development. 

 On pine lands it is more rarely seen and is of inferior form. In the 

 mountains it is found up to 4,000 feet in elevation, usually in coves 

 with rich, deep soil, along with yellow poplar and white and red 

 oaks. In the rolling country of middle Tennessee it is a common 

 tree, although its development is inferior to that in east Tennessee. 

 In the aggregate there is probabty more walnut in this section than 

 in either of the other divisions of the State. It is found in limestone 

 soils, even where outcrops indicate a shallow soil, and it frequently 

 associates with red cedar. In the hollows and valleys of the lime- 

 stone region it reaches excellent proportions. West Tennessee tends 

 to the alluvial-bottom type and contains only a scattering of walnut. 



PRAIRIE STATES. 



Southern Minnesota. — There is very little walnut in Minnesota, 

 although some has been cut in the two southern tiers of counties, 

 where conditions are similar to those of northern Iowa. 



Iowa. — Iowa is one of- the most important sources of walnut, par- 

 ticularly in the southern and southeastern parts. The loess soils 

 of this State are deep and rich, and the broad river bottoms present 

 large areas of well-watered soils in which walnut thrives. Planted 

 on the uplands, walnut usuallv grows slowly, and its development 



