22 



BULLETIN ( .m, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



the winter-wheat areas better yields prevailed than in the spring- 

 wheat areas. Here nearly 50 per cent of the wheat was grown on 

 farms having yields of from 2.2 to 16.9 bushels and the other 50 per 

 cent was grown on farms where yields of from 17 to 30 bushels per 

 acre were obtained. When one considers the range in yields obtained 

 on these farms, the great variations in costs per bushel are not 

 surprising. 



Table XI. — Relation of yield to cost per bushel, winter wheat, 1919 {284 farms). 



Range of yield. 



Num- 

 ber 

 of rec- 

 ords. 



Cumu- 

 lative 



per 

 cent of 

 produc- 

 tion. 



Aver- 

 age 

 yield. 



Aver- 

 age 

 cost per 

 bushel. 



Range of yield. 



Num- 

 ber 

 ofrec- 

 cords. 



Cumu- 

 lative 

 per 

 cent of 

 produc- 

 tion. 



Aver- 

 age 

 yield. 



Aver- 

 age 

 cost per 

 bushel. 



Bushels. 



2 to 2.9 



3 to 3.9 



4 to 4.9 



5 to 5.9 



6 to 6.9 



7 to 7.9 



8 to 8.9 



9 to 9.9 



10 to 10.9 



11 to 11.9 



12 to 12.9 



13 to 13.9 



14 to 14.9 



2 

 1 

 1 

 3 

 3 

 7 

 14 

 12 

 14 

 12 

 12 

 13 

 18 



0.3 



.4 



.6 



1.1 



1.5 



3.3 



6.5 



9.1 



12.1 



14.5 



22.3 



28.5 



35.4 



Bushels. 

 2.5 

 3.4 

 4.9 

 5.6 

 6.4 

 7.5 

 8.2 

 9.6 

 10.5 

 11.3 

 12.4 

 13.4 

 14.5 



S6.55 

 4.35 

 3.60 

 3.37 

 3.42 

 2.89 

 2.47 

 2.39 

 2.26 

 2.17 

 1.97 

 2.06 

 1.97 

 1 



Bushels. 



15 to 15.9 



16 to 16.9 



17tol7.9 



18 to 18.9 



19 to 19.9 



20 to 20.9 



21 to 21.9 



22 to 22.9 



23 to 23.9. ...... 



24 to 24.9 



25 to 25.9 



28 to 28.9 



29 and over 



21 



18 



24 



27 



11 



28 



15 



12 



6 



4 



4 



1 



1 



43.3 



49.4 

 59.9 

 70.0 

 73.6 

 82.3 

 89.6 

 94.3 

 96.4 

 98.2 

 99.2 

 99.5 

 100.0 



Bushels. 

 15.4 

 16.4 

 17.5 

 18.5 

 19.5 

 20.2 

 21.4 

 22.2 

 23.4 

 24.2 

 25.2 

 28.8 

 30.0 



1.90 

 1.82 

 1.61 

 1.80 

 1.76 

 1.55 

 1.56 

 1.49 

 1.65 

 1.29 

 1.47 

 1.49 

 1.46 



VARIATION IN NET COST PER BUSHEL. 



On the 197 spring-wheat farms the average cost was $2.65 per 

 bushel, and the cost on individual farms ranged from .$1.15 to $14.38 

 per bushel. However, but one of the 197 farms had a cost as high as 

 $14.38, and only 15 farms, representing 2.5 per cent of the wheat pro- 

 duced, had costs exceeding $5 per bushel. In figure 6 the 197 

 farms have been arranged according to net cost per bushel, that the 

 relative importance of each cost group may be shown. 



The variations in net cost per bushel are due, of course, to varia- 

 tions in costs expended per acre and in the yields obtained, both of 

 which factors have been previously discussed. However, it may be 

 of interest to note conditions that prevailed in 1919 on some of the 

 farms having extremely low or high costs. A review of the records 

 taken indicates that when the farms were classified, as shown in 

 figure 6 ; both those with comparatively low and those with compara- 

 tively high acre costs often appeared in the same cost per bushel 

 class. Yield is the most variable factor in determining the cost of 

 producing a bushel of wheat, and this factor is therefore largely 

 responsible for the grouping of the farms. Farms where a part of 

 the acreage was not worth cutting usually had a high acreage cost, 

 owing to expenses in preparing land and seeding wheat that was not 

 cut. Furthermore the yield from the acreage harvested was usually 

 low, thus further increasing the bushel cost. Of the farmers having 



