24 



BULLETIN 947, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



presence of albumin in the urine further indicates an alteration of the 

 kidney. 



Sheep 469 was fed small amounts of fresh TI. hoopesii daily, and 

 frequent examinations of the urine voided were made, as shown in 

 Table 3. 



Table 3. — Examination of urine of Sheep 469. 



Pate. 



Condition of 

 animal. 



Volume. 



Specific 

 gravity. 



Reaction. 



Albumin 



Bile 



pigment. 



Urea. 



Biliary 

 acids! 



1919. 

 Aug. 24 

 Sept. 7 .... 



Sept. 13.... 

 Sept. 19 

 Sept. 23.... 

 Sept. 20 





Mils. 



1,704 

 905 



610 

 254 

 780 



750 



1.019 

 1.027 



1.031 

 1.043 

 1.024 

 1.015 



Alkaline.. . . 

 .....do 



do 



do 



Acid 



Alkaline. .. . 





 Trace. 



....do.... 

 ....do.... 







+ 



, + 

 



+ 

 + 



+ 

 + 



Grams. 

 48.78 

 31.76 



21.11 



5.19 

 4.45 

 22. 28 







Fed Hdenium 

 hoopesii. 



do 



do 



Spewing 





 













The volume of urine voided rapidly diminished, as did the quantity 

 of urea, but not proportionately. The amount of ammonical nitro- 

 gen could not be quantitatively determined in the field, but rough 

 tests showed beyond question that the proportion of this was greatly 

 increased. On September 19 the animal began to spew, when it 

 was taken off the H. hoopesii ration and fed hay. The volume of 

 urine voided immediately rose, the quantity of urea increased more 

 slowly, and the proportion of ammonical nitrogen slowly dropped 

 to normal. 



Sheep 503 was investigated at the same time. This animal was 

 fed a mixture of tannic-acid compound of dugaldin and magnesia. 

 The result was an ultimate reduction in the amount of urine voided, 

 a quick drop in urea, and an increase in ammonical nitrogen. The 

 results of the examination are given in Table 4: 



Table 4. — Examination of urine of Sheep 503. 



Dale. 



Condition of 

 animal. 



Volume. 



Specific 

 gravity. 



Reaction. 



Albumin. 



Bile 

 pigment. 



Urea. 



Biliary- 

 acids. 



1919. 

 Sept. 

 Sept. 11 



Oct. l 





Mils. 

 1 , 525 

 2,145 



230 



1.018 

 1.014 



1.052 



Alkaline 



do 



do 





 Trace. 











+ 



+ + 



Grams. 

 32. 88 

 20.98 



8. 68 







Dugaldin tan- 



nato. 

 do 

















DISCUSSION AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS. 



SYMPTOMS. 



There is a definite line of symptoms in //. hoopesii poisoning, but 

 they differ in detail according to the severity of the illness, and there 

 is a fairly clear distinction between the symptoms in acute cases 

 and those from prolonged feeding. In general the symptoms resem- 

 ble those of other kinds of plant poisons, but are not so violent as 

 in some and are not accompanied by convulsions. 



