6 BULLETIN 458, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



saw shaft is recommended. By this arrangement any change in the 

 speed of the saw shaft does not affect the speed of the brush. 



Other things being equal, it is impossible to lay too much stress 

 on the condition of the roll in the ginning of long-staple cotton. It 

 is impossible for the saws to pass through a hard roll without cutting 

 or nepping the fiber. What is known as a slack or soft roll should be 

 used for ginning long-staple cotton. This roll should be run just 

 hard enough to prevent breaking, and the feed should be adjusted 

 so as to keep it as nearly as possible of the same consistency through- 

 out its entire length. 



The huller breast is recommended in preference to the single-rib 

 type for ginning long-staple cotton. The chief reason for recom- 

 mending this type is that a more uniform roll can be made, and each 

 lock of seed cotton is more thoroughly loosened before it reaches the 

 gin roll. The huller breast also takes out the large trash. 



The gins of the valley are all practically new and can be made 

 to do excellent work if the ginne:? understands his machinery and is 

 willing to make the effort to turn out cotton that is considered " well 

 handled." 



After impressing upon the local ginners the importance of ginning 

 Durango smoothly, it was found that several of them were willing 

 to make the necessary adjustments on their machines with a view 

 to turning out first-class work, which they realized would bring to 

 them a volume of trade which would more than reimburse them for 

 the extra care taken and the reduced output. The results obtained so 

 far have been very satisfactory to the grower of Durango as well as 

 the ginner, as both have profited through the results of good ginning. 



NECESSITY FOR GOOD BALING AND ADEQUATE COVERING. ' 



The cotton, as it passes from the saws of the gin through the 

 condenser, should come out in smooth and even layers; and if it is 

 conveyed to the press box by air blast, the ginner should see that the 

 cotton is not roped by the suction of the air, which sometimes twists 

 it into short lengths roughly resembling cotton rope. Roughly 

 handled or poorly condensed cotton that has been subjected to further 

 impairment by roping, or twisting, will not press into the bale evenly 

 and will be detected when the cotton is sampled, which will reduce its 

 value materially when it is marketed. The mills that make fine yarns 

 will not buy such cotton except at a considerable discount from the 

 price usually paid for well-handled cotton of the same grade, since 

 the latter produces less waste and gives less trouble in manufactur- 

 ing processes. For this reason, if the cotton is condensed smoothly 

 and evenly and is carefully conveyed to the press box and packed 



