IRRIGATION IN FLORIDA. 



29 



a turning union. Thus when the pipe is turned to any one position 

 every nozzle in it will assume the same angle with the horizontal. It 

 is possible to turn, from one end, a pipe 700 feet long bearing 200 

 nozzles. The pipe lines usually are placed 50 feet apart, so that the 

 nozzles in each line will throw water 25 feet on each side of the pipe. 

 Each of these overhead-pipe lines is attached to the main supply 

 pipe, the latter, in turn, being connected with a pumping outfit. 



Several patented appliances are used in this system, two of the 

 most important being the nozzles and the turning unions. The 

 nozzles are small, \ to \ inch in length, with an outside diameter 

 seldom larger than a lead pencil. The aperture for letting out the 

 water usually is about the size of an ordinary pin. Each nozzle con- 

 tains an outside thread which enables it to be screwed into a drilled 

 and threaded hole in the pipe. The water is forced through this 

 miniature nozzle at a pressure of 30 to 40 pounds per square inch, 

 throwing a stream of water 25 feet from the pipe if the angle of the 

 nozzle with the horizontal is approximately 45 degrees. When sev- 

 eral hundred feet of pipe bearing a number of nozzles are in use and 

 each nozzle is throwing water 25 feet from the pipe a continuous 

 strip of land will be watered. When it is desired to water another 

 strip, the pipe is turned. It usually is necessary to turn the pipe 

 through six or seven positions in order to water the 50-foot strip 

 covered by one line. As a rule, this pipe is turned by hand, although 

 there are several appliances on the market which turn the lines 

 automatically. 



The design of the pipe lines is an important item. The lateral 

 pipe lines bearing the nozzles are of constant size for a given length. 

 Tables have been prepared by dealers in irrigation supplies which 

 give the sizes of pipe necessary for different lengths. In general, it 

 is customary to begin at the lower end with f-inch pipe; run this 

 for about 100 feet, then increase to 1-inch pipe, run this for another 

 100 to 150 feet, and so on until 2-inch pipe is reached. 



Table 1. — Sizes of pipe for outdoor nozzle lines. 



[Calculated on outdoor nozzles placed 4 feet apart. If the nozzles are closer together larger pipe must be 



used.] 



Nozzle No. 



Length 

 of line. 



f -inch 

 pipe. 



1-inch 

 pipe. 



li-mch 

 pipe. 



ljHnch 

 pipe. 



2-inch 

 pipe. 



No. 2 oul 



door, 4 feet apart, or No. 1, 3 feet apart 



Feet. 

 150 

 200 

 250 

 300 

 400 

 500 

 600 



Feet. 

 115 

 100 

 90 

 90 

 80 

 75 

 75 



Feet. 

 35 

 100 

 100 

 100 

 100 

 100 

 100 



Feet. 



Feet. 



Feet. 













60 

 110 

 120 

 120 

 120 















100 

 120 

 120 



85 

 185 



