34 BULLETIN 462, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 



patches used for the cultivation of winter garden crops. A consider- 

 able acreage so irrigated is located in Lake and Orange Counties, the 

 largest part of it being near the towns, such as Orlando and Lees- 

 burg. There are about 200 acres under the overhead-pipe system 

 along the Florida East Coast Railroad, principally near Miami. 

 Some tobacco was irrigated by this system in Gadsden County in 

 the north, a small area at Brookville in Hernando County, and at 

 Dade City, in Pasco County. 



Several other sprinkling systems are attracting considerable atten- 

 tion. The method of distribution for all of these is practically the 

 same, however. It consists in placing nozzles upon upright pipes and 

 distributing the water in a circular area, the nozzle being the center 

 of the circle. If a field is to be watered, a number of nozzles are 

 placed over the field so that when all are in operation the whole area 

 will be watered simultaneously. 



A large variety of nozzles are used for the distribution of water 

 from these upright pipes. Most of these are patented and bear the 

 names of the inventors. Probably the first to be put into operation 

 were those which have no revolving parts. (PI. IV, fig. 2, Nos. 4 and 5.) 



Another nozzle has been in use for several years. (PL IV, fig. 2, 

 No. 2.) There are several variations of this nozzle. The distri- 

 bution is effected by a revolving part which whirls very rapidly 

 and throws the water in all directions. The water falls in large drops. 



Other nozzles recently have become well known. (PL IV, fig. 2, 

 Nos. 1 and 3.) These also distribute the water by means of revolving 

 parts, but on a different principle from that of the ones described. 

 The water is distributed through hollow, adjustable arms of small 

 brass tubing, revolving about a central axis. The action of the noz- 

 zles is adjustable. Both the nozzles are operated by the force of 

 escaping water ; in the former the water strikes against the revolving 

 part, and in the latter the force comes from the recoil of the water 

 in a bent tube. Most of the well-known lawn sprinklers having long 

 revolving arms are operated on the latter principle. The irrigation 

 nozzles differ from the lawn sprinklers in that wider distribution 

 is attempted, the size of the nozzle being kept as small as possible. 

 All the nozzles described are small and may be covered easily by the 

 hand. (See PL IV, fig. 2.) 



Some attempts have been made to adjust pipe lines bearing nozzles 

 so that a long length of pipe can either be revolved about a vertical 

 axis or carried on wheels from one end of the field to the other. Both 

 of these methods have been operated successfully at Bushnell, but 

 their use is too recent to prove their lasting qualities. 



The largest acreage irrigated by means of the stationary or re- 

 volving nozzles is on the east coast around Miami. Several hundred 

 acres here are so irrigated. These types are also installed on 200 



