28 



BULLETIN 466, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



INVERT SUGAR. 



The extreme percentages of invert sugar in the United States are 

 37.30 and 0.09, with an average percentage of 5.46, which would be 

 3.09 per cent if the results of the moldy sugar were not included. This 

 increase, about 50 per cent higher than in the case of sap sirups, occurs 

 because of the inversion of sucrose due to the extra concentration and 

 heat when a sap sirup is made into a sugar. About 30 per cent of 

 the samples have less than 1 per cent of invert sugar, whereas 53 per 

 cent of corresponding samples of sap sirup have less than 1 per cent 

 of invert sugar. 



Table XII shows that where large quantities of reducing sugars 

 are present in maple sugar the sucrose equivalent of 1 per cent 

 reducing sugar is 0.30, which is very close to that of true invert sugar 

 of equal parts of dextrose and levulose, but where small percentages 

 of reducing sugars are present, there seems to be a large excess of 

 levulose, and in many cases a levorotatory substance other than 

 levulose is indicated. This was also noted with sap sirup. 1 



Table XII. — Comparison of morose equivalents of 1 per cent of reducing sugar ivhen 

 large and small amounts are present. 



Serial No. 



Reducing 

 sugar cal- 

 culated as 

 invert. 



Difference 

 in d : rect po- 

 larization 

 and in 

 sucrose 

 by Clerget. 



Sucrose 

 equivalent 

 of 1 per 

 cent re- 

 ducing 

 sugar. 



Large amounts of reducing sugar: 



6459 



Per cent. 

 9.61 

 7.83 

 9.49 

 7.70 

 7.19 



14.27 

 6.92 



11.54 

 7.27 

 8.' 25 



0.66 

 .41 

 .58 

 .75 

 .22 

 .65 

 .66 

 .96 

 .78 

 .51 



3.46 



3.35 

 4.52 

 3.94 

 3.71 

 6.16 

 3.00 

 5.28 

 3.02 

 2.20 



2.67 

 2.57 

 2.77 



2.07 

 1.84 

 1.00 

 2.02 

 1.70 

 1.80 

 1.30 



0.37 



6545 



.43 



6598 



.47 



6624 



.51 



6700 



.51 



6718 



.43 



6876 



.43 



6968 



.45 



8438 



.41 



8446 



.26 



Small amounts of reducing sugar: 



7510 



4.04 



7518 



6.26 



7525 



4.77 



7546 



2.76 



7548 



7.37 



8344 



1.54 



8448 



3.06 



8472 



1.77 



8457 



2.31 



8462 , 



2.55 







ASH. 



Total ash. — In the United States samples the average ash content 

 is 0.95 per cent, with extremes of 1.66 and 0.76 per cent, while with 

 Canada included the average is 0.98 per cent, with extremes of 1.70 

 and 0.76. The average for sap sirups for the United States is 1.02 

 per cent, with extremes of 1.68 and 0.68. Including Canada, the 



» U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. of Chem. Bui. 134, p. 65. 



