SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 15 



was imported. From 1840 to 1852 only about one-half was imported, 

 and for 1S53 and 1851 less than one-half. For 1855 and subsequently 

 the imports have been approximately three-fourths of the total sup- 

 ply, except for the period 1863 to 1876, when the imports exceeded 

 90 per cent of the total supply. These imports include the ship- 

 ments of sugar from the noncontiguous possessions of Hawaii, Porto 

 Rico, and the Philippine Islands to the United States. Imports 

 from these possessions increased from 10 per cent of the total sup- 

 ply in 1865 to 20 per cent in 1909 and to 25 per cent for 1910 and 

 subsequently. The sugar brought from the noncontiguous posses- 

 sions increased from 35,000 tons in 1865 to 280,000 tons in 1890 and 

 to more than 1,000,000 tons in 1914. During 1912, 1913, and 1914 

 these possessions supplied one-third of all the sugar imported. The 

 receipts from the noncontiguous territory during the decade ending 

 with 1912-13 increased 138.5 per cent over the decade ending with 

 1902-3. The receipts from Porto Rico for this period increased 

 318 per cent, Hawaii 91.6, Philippine Islands 143.3, while the im- 

 ports from foreign countries increased only 12 per cent. These in- 

 creases compare favorably with the increase in production in conti- 

 nental United States for this 20-year period. The increase in pro- 

 duction of sugar during the decade ending with 1912-13 over the 

 preceding decade was 8.3 per cent for cane sugar and 20.9 for beet 

 sugar. The exports of sugar from the United States have been 

 mostly refined and were sent chiefly to the United Kingdom, Cen- 

 tral American States, and the West Indies. The annual exports 

 have exceeded 100,000 tons only four times since 1865, and ranged 

 from 5,000 tons in 1896 to 129,000 tons in 1885 to 275,000 in 1915, and 

 for the 12 months ending June 30, 1916, the exports were 815,076 

 tons. The exports during the decade ending June 30, 1913, increased 

 180.4 per cent over the preceding decade. 



The United States exceeds all other countries in consumption of 

 sugar, consuming annually nearly one-fourth of the world's produc- 

 tion. The consumption of raw sugar increased from 40,612 tons in 

 1822 to 103,000 in 1838, 341,000 in 1852, 545,000 in 1870, 1,001,000 

 in 1879, 2,131,000 in 1893, 3,190,000 in 1903, and 4,397,000 in 1914. 

 The per capita consumption of sugar in the United States was ex- 

 ceeded by the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The 

 consumption per capita in the United States has increased from 8.9 

 pounds in 1822 to 34.3 in 1861, but decreased to 17.8 in 1863, and in- 

 creased to 28.4 in 1866, 40.6 in 1872, 54.2 in 1884, 73 in 1894, 80.4 in 

 1909, and 89.1 in 1914. The increase in consumption of sugar has been 

 greater than the increase in population. For the decade ending with 

 1912-13 the total consumption of sugar was 42.9 per cent greater than 

 for the decade ending with 1902-3, as against an increase of 21 per 

 cent for population for the same period. The increase for per capita 



