34 BULLETIN 473, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



sugar brought from Germany amounted to 53 per cent of the total, 

 compared with 43 per cent for the 10 years ending with 1913. The 

 sugar imported from Germany increased from 50 per cent of the total 

 in 1894 to 54 per cent in 1904, but decreased to 48 per cent in 1913. 

 This decrease in imports from Germany was not the result of a new 

 market found elsewhere for German sugar, but to an increased con- 

 sumption of sugar in Germany, which caused a decrease in exports. 

 This was one of the effects of the Brussels Convention. Export 

 bounties were removed, which forced a reduction in the excise tax, 

 with a consequent reduction in price, thus stimulating home con- 

 sumption. The loss in imports from Germany was largely made up 

 by Austria-Hungary. Imports from the latter country increased 

 from two-tenths of 1 per cent in 1894 to 18 per cent in 1913. As a 

 result of the European war, an important change occurred in the 

 imports of sugar in 1914. The four countries mentioned above were 

 the source of two-thirds of the sugar supply of the United Kingdom 

 that year. Germany and Austria-Hungary were the source of one- 

 half of this amount, while Java and Cuba were the source of the 

 other half. The customary amount formerly received from Germany 

 and Austria-Hungary was reduced approximately one-half in 1914. 

 This shortage in the sugar supply from Europe was made up by in- 

 creased imports from Cuba and Java. An interesting comparison 

 is shown in imports of sugar in 1915 compared with 1913. The im- 

 ports in 1913 were 2,205,571 tons, as against 1,659,992 in 1915. The 

 value increased from $112,000,000 in 1913 to $155,000,000 in 1915, or 

 an increase in the import price from 2.6 cents per pound in 1913 to 

 4.7 cents in 1915. The imports from European countries decreased 

 from 1,797,150 tons in 1913 to 107,924 in 1915, while imports from 

 foreign countries and British Colonies increased from 408.421 tons in 

 1913 to 1,552,068 in 1915. The British Empire exceeds all other 

 countries in the production of sugar, yet the British colonies have 

 supplied less than 9 per cent of the sugar imported into the United 

 Kingdom during the last 20 years, and for the five years 1900-1904 

 the imports from the colonies were a trifle less than 5 per cent of 

 the total. The value of the sugar imported has aggregated $100,- 

 000,000 annually during the last 20 years, the yearly range being 

 from $91,000,000 during the five years 1893-1897 to $128,000,000 for 

 the five years 1910-1914. 



With the exception of the United States, the United Kingdom 

 consumes more sugar than any other country. The consumption has 

 increased gradually from 1,552,655 tons in 1894 to 2,205,983 in 1914. 

 The per capita consumption varied from 79.91 pounds in 1894 to 95.70 

 pounds in 1914, which exceeds all countries except Australia and 

 New Zealand. 



