42 BULLETIN" 473, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



each of the •last two decades. During the decade 1903.-4 to 1912-13 

 the beets used increased from 2,026,993 tons to 4,540,432, or an average 

 of 2,550,258 for the decade, compared with 1,671,293 for the preceding 

 decade, which increased from 1,093,032 to 2,300,800 tons. During the 

 decade 1903-4 to 1912-13, 88.4 per cent of the beets produced were 

 used for sugar as compared with 93.3 per cent for the preceding 

 decade. The production of sugar increased from 334,032 tons in 

 1903-4 to 651,587 in 1912-13, or an average of 405,049 for the decade, 

 as against 201,985 for the decade 1893-94 to 1902-3, an increase of 

 more than 100 per cent. The percentage of sugar extraction per 

 weight of beets during the last 10 years increased from 13.9 per cent 

 in 1902-3 to 15.6 in 1907-8, 16.5 in 1908-9, but decreased to 14 in 

 1912-13, and averaged 14.1 for the decade, as against 12.1 per cent 

 for the preceding decade. The production of sugar per acre in- 

 creased from 2,633 pounds in 1903-4 to 3,148 in 1912-13. The average 

 for the decade was 2,554 pounds, as against 1,982 for the preceding 

 decade, an increase of 28.9 per cent. The area of beets per factory in- 

 creased from 10,190 acres during the decade 1893-94 to 1902-3 to 12,486 

 acres during the following decade, an increase of 22.5 per cent. The 

 beets used per factory were 96,523 tons in 1903-4 and 162,158 in 

 1912-13, or an average for the decade of 110,881, as against 83,565 

 tons for the decade 1893-94 to 1902-3, an increase of 32.7 per cent. 

 The production of sugar per factory increased from 15,906 tons in 

 1903-4 to 23,271 in 1912-13. The average for the decade was 17,610 

 tons, compared with 10,099 for the preceding decade, an increase of 

 74.4 per cent. The production of sugar per ton of beets averaged 242 

 pounds annually during the 10 years 1893-94 to 1902-3, and 318 pounds 

 during the next 10 years, an increase of 31.4 per cent. The number 

 of people employed in the Hungarian sugar factories increased from 

 14,422 in 1903-4 to 22,894 in 1912-13. The average for the decade was 

 17,635, of which 14,560 were men and 3,075 were women. The aver- 

 age production of sugar per employee during the last 10 years was 

 22.97 tons. 



The Brussels Convention, which went into effect on September 1, 

 1903, exacts, on the part of each signatory Government, a scrupulous 

 supervision of every refinery to insure that no untaxed sugar reaches 

 the market. The following is a brief description of the control 

 exercised by the Hungarian Government as reported by the United 

 States consul stationed at Budapest: 



Four weeks prior to the commencement of the manufacturing season each 

 refinery is required to file with the Government a detailed plan of its fac- 

 tory, with a full description of its machinery and the marks or trade designa- 

 tions which will be used on its products. The refinery must be inclosed within 

 a boundary wall 2 meters (6£ feet) high, with no direct communication to the 

 interior of the factory. The plan must clearly indicate the exits from this 



