SUGAR PRODUCTION" IN" U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 43 



boundary wall. At every gate there is a watch room for the internal-revenue 

 guard, and the factory is also required to provide living rooms for at least 

 four guards, with an office and quarters for the revenue officer. The officer 

 checks the production of the refinery and every shipment leaving it. These 

 shipments may be made only between the hours of 6 a. m. and 7 p. m., in 

 quantities not smaller than 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds), and from specially 

 designated gates. The Government, through its fiscal officers located at the 

 refineries, thus has complete control of sugar production and withdrawals from 

 the factories for consumption. 



RUSSIA. 



BEET SUGAR. 



The area devoted to the growing of sugar beets in European Russia 

 extends practically over all of the southern half of that portion of 

 the Empire. The principal area devoted to the crop is confined to 

 six Provinces — Kiev, Podolia, Karkov, Kursk, Volhynia, and War- 

 saw. The area under beets increased nearly 40 per cent during the 

 last 10 years, yet the increase in the area of cultivated land was such 

 that the relation of beet area to the cultivated area was unchanged. 

 The area under beets occupies approximately one-half of 1 per cent 

 of the area under cultivation. The principal beet district is in the 

 Provinces of Kiev and Podolia. These two Provinces contain nearly 

 one-half of the sugar factories. The area of beets planted in Russia 

 increased from 1,363,535 acres in 1903-4 to 1,896,410 in 1912-13, or 

 an average for the decade of 1,517,887. The supply of beets is ob- 

 tained from two sources, those grown on land cultivated or con- 

 trolled by the factories and those grown by independent farmers. 

 The area of beets planted by the factories was about one-third of the 

 total area under this crop, and increased from 459,532 acres in 1903 

 to 582,825 in 1912. The area planted by independent farmers in- 

 creased from 904,003 acres in 1903 to 1,313,585 in 1912. The area of 

 beets harvested increased from 1,331,892 acres in 1903 to 1,847,313 

 in 1912, an average for the decade of 1,481,857, or 97.6 per cent of the 

 area planted. The average area harvested during the decade ending 

 with 1902-3 was 1,079,076 acres. The area harvested has more than 

 doubled during the last 20 years, and increased from 825,644 acres 

 in 1893-94 to 1,847,313 in 1912-13. Slightly better results were ob- 

 tained from the area of beets grown by the factories than by the 

 independent farmers. During the 10 years 1903-4 to 1912-13 the 

 factories harvested 98.9 per cent of the area of beets planted, while 

 the independent farmers harvested 97 per cent. The area of beets 

 harvested per factory increased from 3,653 acres in 1893-94 to 6,437 

 in 1912-13. 



The production of beets increased from 8,617,655 tons in 1903 to 

 14,940,490 in 1911, or an average of 10,386,550 tons for the 10 years 

 ending with 1912. The average production of beets per acre for the 



