SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 45 



beets. The production of molasses stated in tons was about one-third 

 that of sugar. The consumption of sugar shows a large increase, from 

 840,832 tons in 1903-4 to 1,490,989 in 1912-13. The per capita con- 

 sumption of sugar increased from 12 pounds in 1903-4 to 17.4 pounds 

 in 1912-13. The consumption of sugar during the last 10 years has 

 more than kept pace with the population, increasing 77 per cent, 

 while the population increased only 22 per cent. During this period 

 the beet-sugar factories of Russia employed annually nearly 120,000 

 people. The employees in 1912-13 numbered 124,452, of which 

 101.531 were men, 18,060 were women, and the children under 15 

 years of age were — boys, 4,958 : and girls, 803. 



Russia was not a party to the Brussels Convention, but became a 

 member on December 19, 1907, on condition that the Russian Gov- 

 ernment be authorized to maintain its interior legislation, which 

 involved alleged indirect premiums. Also Russia agreed to having 

 a limit placed upon its sugar exports. Thus the exports of sugar 

 from Russia for the period September 1, 1909, to August 31, 1913, 

 were fixed at 200,000 metric tons 1 (220,460 short tons). The same 

 quantity was stated for the period 1913-1918, but in view of the 

 scarcity of sugar on the European market and the increase in price, 

 Russia was authorized to export an additional amount of 250,000 

 metric tons (275,575 short tons). Since becoming a member of the 

 Brussels Convention the annual exports of sugar from Russia ex- 

 ceeded the amounts agreed upon in four different years. The exports 

 for those four years were 329,000 tons in 1908, 226,000 in 1909, 500,000 

 in 1911, and 415,000 in 1912. The large exports in 1911-12 were 

 made necessary on account of the drought in western Europe in 

 1911. During 1911 and 1912 the United Kingdom took nearly one- 

 half of the sugar exported from Russia, amounting to 229,000 tons 

 in 1911 and 161,000 tons in 1912. Exports to Germany for those two 

 years were 43,000 and 15,000 tons, respectively. Turkey, Persia, 

 and Finland have been the chief markets for Russian sugar. During 

 the four years 1910-1913 the annual exports to those three countries 

 were 89,330 tons to Persia, 41,529 to Turkey, and 49,977 to Finland. 

 The total exports were 199,427 tons in 1904, which increased to 

 500,064 in 1911, but decreased to 162,419 in 1913. The average an- 

 nual exports for the decade ending with 1913 were 241,202 tons, 

 which was 17.6 per cent of the production. During the decade end- 

 ing with 1902, 15.9 per cent of the sugar crop was exported, amount- 

 ing to 141,531 tons. Comparing the data for the decade 1904-1913 

 with the preceding decade, the exports increased 46.7 per cent, while 

 the production increased 53.6 per cent. The imports, though small, 

 have increased during the decade 1904-1913, being for that period 

 3,051 tons annually, as against 375 tons for the preceding decade. 



i Metric ton of 2,204.6 pounds. 



