58 BULLETIN 475, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



with or without aspen, where the moisture and soil conditions are 

 normal, though such sites are almost invariably overgrown with a 

 heavy cover of sod, grass, and weeds; (4) north and east aspects of 

 open grassy parks without trace of any former timber, having nor- 

 mal moisture conditions and soil of good depth; (5) north aspects 

 of open parklike areas without trace of former timber, often found 

 in the yellow pine and lower limits of the Douglas-fir types, support- 

 ing dense stands of oak brush and occasionally lone, stunted balsams. 



Sowing should be attempted only on north and east aspects of sites 

 1 and 2. 



Lodgepole pine: Between altitudes of 8,500 and 10,300 feet the 

 sites are : (1) All aspects of burns or cut-over areas, for the most part 

 devoid of vegetation, which have failed to restock naturally even 

 though soil and moisture conditions are normal; (2) all aspects of 

 burns and cut-over areas with a well-defined cover of aspen; (3) all 

 aspects of burns and cut-over areas of long standing, with or with- 

 out aspen, where moisture and soil conditions are normal, though 

 such sites are almost invariably overgrown with a heavy cover of 

 sod, grass, and weeds; (4) all aspects of open, grassy parks without 

 trace of any former timber but with normal moisture conditions and 

 soil of good depth. 



Sowing is advisable only on sites 1 and 2, and planting is usually 

 necessary only on sites 3 and 4. 



Engelmann spruce: Between altitudes of 9,500 feet and timber 

 line, the planting sites in order are: (1) All aspects of burns and cut- 

 over areas, for the most part devoid of vegetation, which have failed 

 to restock naturally even though soil and moisture conditions are 

 normal; (2) all aspects of burns and cut-over areas with a well- 

 defined cover of aspen; (3) all aspects of burns and cut-over areas 

 of long standing, with or without aspen, and usually overgrown with 

 a heavy cover of sod, grass, and weeds; (4) all aspects of open grassy 

 parks without trace of former timber but with soil of good depth and 

 with normal moisture conditions. Only one site is thought possible 

 for sowing, that being the north aspect of site 2. 



Northern Minnesota and Michigan. 



Eastern white pine: Only one type of area is considered as a 

 planting site for this species, namely, all aspects of burns and cut- 

 over areas with natural white pine reproduction wanting, with 

 numerous species of deciduous trees and shrubs present and with 

 normal moisture conditions and soil of good depth, usually com- 

 posed of light sand over a heavy clay subsoil. 



Norway pine: The only type of area considered for this species 

 is all aspects of burns and cut-over areas with natural reproduction 

 of desired species wanting, usuaDy with numerous species of de- 



