54 BULLETIN 906, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



One pipe contractor in southern California quotes the following 

 prices for standard orchard stands installed in the field fitted with 

 1^ inch galvanized gates : 



8-inch stands. 4 openings $2.25 



12-inch stands, 4 openings 2. 50 



12-inch stands. 6 openings 2. 70 



Another contractor quotes the following: 



12-inch stands, with 4-hole openings $3. 50 



12-inch stands, with 6-hole openings 3. 75 



18-inch oval stands, with 6-hole openings 4. 00 



18-inch oval stands, with 8-hole openings 4. 25 



It should be borne in mind that the large majority of concrete pipe 

 systems under operation are made of pipe of medium if not inferior 

 grades and that the relief stands, diversion boxes, and other appli- 

 ances designed to relieve water pressures have been adapted to this 

 kind of pipe. With the introduction of a better grade of pipe capable 

 of withstanding higher pressures the necessity will arise of modify- 

 ing the present practice by using more high pressure valves and fewer 

 standpipes, and this change should lessen the cost of pipe systems. 

 In other Avords, if concrete pipe in the smaller sizes can be made to 

 withstand with safety heads of 50 feet, it should tend to revolutionize 

 the present costly system of reducing the pressure to 10-foot heads, 

 particularly on steep slopes. 



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