PRODUCING MILK IN WESTERN WASHINGTON. 5 



Table 1. — Units required, except cost of management, for producing 100 pounds 

 of nvilk in ivinter and in summer — Continued. 



Item. 



Winter. 



Two 

 Winters. 



Sum 



mer. 



Two 



1917-18 



1919-20 



1917-18 



1919 



summers. 



Labor: 



Human hours . . 



Horse do 



2.0 

 .01 



1.8 



.01 



1.9 

 .01 



1.3 



.01 



1.3 



.02 



1.3 



.015 



Other costs: 



Building charges 



SO. 124 



.088 



.043 

 .118 

 .078 



$0. 130 

 .088 



.034 



.108 

 .074 



SO. 127 

 .088 



.038 

 .113 

 .076 



SO. 085 

 .060 



.029 

 .080 

 .042 



80.092 

 .062 



.024 

 .076 

 .042 

 .001 

 .062 



SO. 088 



Equipment charges and dairy supplies 

 Herd charges : Taxes, insurance, veteri- 

 nary, medicines, disinfectants, and 



.061 

 .026 





.078 





.042 



Motor-truck charge 





Cash hauling of milk 



.066 



.065 



.062 



.087 



.061 







Total other costs, except deprecia- 



.517 



.144 



.499 

 .007 



.504 

 .072 



.363 



.098 



.359 

 .005 



.356 



Depreciation on cows 



.050 









SO. 661 



SO 506 



SO. 576 



SO. 461 



SO. 364 



80.406 







It will be noted in Table 1 that for producing 100 pounds of milk 

 in the first winter there were required 26.9 pounds of grain, while 

 during the second winter 31.7 pounds were required, an increase of 

 4.8 pounds. For dry roughage there is a decrease of 3 pounds, and 

 for succulent roughage a decrease of 25.7 pounds per 100 pounds of 

 milk. This increase in grain and decrease in dry and succulent 

 roughages can be accounted for by the fact that two of the herds that 

 were sold out the first year consumed very little grain but a large 

 quantity of roughage. 



Since the pastures were of a very excellent quality summer feeding 

 of grain was not followed extensively. Some of the best-producing 

 herds received no grain throughout the summer, which accounts for 

 the low average of 5.2 pounds of grain per 100 pounds of milk during 

 the summer seasons. 



While there was a slight advance in prices for both hauling and 

 grinding concentrates during the second year, the increase for these 

 charges per 100 pounds of milk from 16 cents to 28 cents in the winter 

 and from two-tenths of a cent to four-tenths of a cent in the summer 

 of the first and second years, respectively, is due primarily to the in- 

 crease in the quantity of feeds ground rather than to the advanced 

 rate of hauling and grinding. 



The work of collecting milk through this section is thoroughly or- 

 ganized. The milk, shipped in 10-gallon cans, is collected once daily 

 by motor truck. On the return trip the truck brings back the empty 

 cans, which makes it unnecessary to have two sets of cans. As the 

 roads are very good it is not uncommon, in the season of greatest pro- 

 duction, for a motor truck and trailer to haul 100 cans. The efficiency 



