6 



BULLETIN 919, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



of the truck method of hauling mill?: is shown by the very low cost of 

 6.2 cents per 100 pounds of milk in winter and 6.1 cents per 100 

 pounds of milk in summer. The use of the motor truck also accounts 

 for the small amount of horse labor. 



The cost of keeping a bull includes feed, labor, and other costs 

 expressed in dollars. For closer study a table will be found on page 

 10 expressing the costs in terms of pounds and hours. 



REQUIREMENTS FOR KEEPING A COW ONE YEAR. 



The greater production per cow; in summer, of 1,399 pounds of 

 milk, shown in Table 2, is partly due to a larger percentage of cows 

 freshening in the winter and early spring, but more particularly it is 

 the direct result of good pastures. The value of this pasture is espe- 

 cially noticeable when one observes that in winter the cows required 

 946 pounds of grain to produce 3,217 pounds of milk, while in summer 

 they required only 241 pounds of grain to produce 4,616 pounds of 

 milk. 



Table 2. — Number of coirs, average production per cow, and requirements for 

 keeping a cow during each season and for the entire year, except cost of man- 

 agement, based on records of the two years' work. 



Item. 



Winter. 



Summer. 



Entire year 





1,043.1 

 3,217 



1, 049. 3 

 4,616 



1,046 2 



Average production per cow 



pounds.. 



do.... 



do.... 



do.... 



7,833 



Feed: 



Purchased concentrates 



Home-grown grains 



711 



235 



214 



27 



925 



262 



Total concentrates 



946 

 SO. 72 



241 

 SO. 15 



1,187 

 SO 87 









Noncomme-cial roughage pounds. . 



Commercial carbohydrate hay do 



Legume hay do — 



Total dry roughage do 



Silage and' other succulent roughage do 



Bedding do 



Pasture 



Labor: 



Human hours. . 



Horse do 



Other costs: 



Building charges 



Equipment charges and dairy supplies 



Herd charges: Taxes, insurance, veterinary, medicines, disin- 

 fectants, and cow-testing associations 



Interest on cow investment 



Cost of keerang bull 



Motor-truck charge 



Cash hauling of milk 



Total other costs, except depreciation on cows. 

 Depreciation on cows 



Total other costs. 



186 



2,558 



246 



2,990 



4,610 



289 



r SI. 70 



ipr 0.1 acre. 



60.1 

 .29 



S4.10 

 2.34 



1.22 

 3.62 



2.44 



4 

 314 

 28 



346 



1,864 



6 



S21.34 



or 1 acre. 



60.9 



.67 



S4-07 

 2.33 



1.22 

 3.60 

 1.94 

 .04 

 2.82 



15.70 

 2.30 



16.02 

 2.29 



S18.00 



SIS. 31 



190 



2,872 



274 



3,336 



6,474 



295 



S23.04 



or 1.1 acres. 



121.0 

 1.0 



S8.17 

 4.67 



2.44 



7.22 



4.38 



.04 



4.80 



31.72 

 4.59 



S36. 31 



The one-tenth of an acre pasture charge shown for winter repre- 

 sents supplementary pasture or pasture on meadows in spring and 

 second-crop meadow and grain stubble in the fall. In case the oats 

 are lodged fall pasture furnishes a valuable source of feed. In 



