PRODUCING MILK IN WESTERN" WASHINGTON. 19 



they were quite often used to haul milk or to get cans, because this 



method requires less effort than to carry or cart them. The high 



figure of 0.43 of an hour per cow for June, 1919, is chiefly due to one 



man who used a large amount of time cutting and hauling soiling 



crops. 



SUMMARY. 



A study of the results presented in this bulletin shows that 56.4 

 per cent of the total cost of producing milk was due to feed and 

 bedding, 23.5 per cent to labor, 17.6 per cent to other costs, and 

 2.5 per cent to dapreciation (see Table 8). 



The requirements for producing 100 pounds of milk during the 

 winter were : Concentrates, 29.4 pounds ; hauling and grinding con- 

 centrates, $0,022; dry roughage, 92.9 pounds; succulent roughage, 

 143.3 pounds ; bedding, 9 pounds ; human labor, 1.9 hours ; horse labor, 

 0.01 of an hour; other costs, $0,576 (see Table 1). Credits for 

 winter production other than milk: Manure, 115 pounds; calves, 

 0.017 (see Tables 3 and 4). Requirements for j)roducing 100 pounds 

 of milk during the summer were : Concentrates, 5.2 pounds ; hauling 

 and grinding concentrates, $0.003 ; dry roughage, 7.5 pounds ; succu- 

 lent roughage, 40.4 pounds ; pasture, 0.025 of an acre ; bedding, 0.1 of 

 one pound; human labor, 1.3 hours; horse labor, 0.015 of an hour; 

 other costs, $0,406. Credits for summer production other than milk : 

 Manure, 13 pounds ; calves, 0.009. 



The following items were provided for keeping the average cow 

 one year: Concentrates, 1,187 pounds; hauling and grinding concen- 

 trates, $0.87 ; dry roughage, 3,336 pounds ; succulent roughage, 6,474 

 pounds ; pasture, $23.04 or 1.1 acres - r bedding, 295 pounds ; human 

 labor, 121 hours; horse labor, 1 hour; other costs, $36.31 (see Table 

 2). Credits other than milk : Manure, 2.2 tons; calves, 0.97. 



To keep a bull one year required 630 pounds of grain, 5,967 pounds 

 of dry roughage, 3,069 pounds of succulent roughage, 43 pounds of 

 bedding, and 40.4 hours of human labor. In addition, $13.56 was 

 expended for pasture and $21.49 for other costs after a credit of 

 $20.32 had been deducted for outside bull service. 



During the winter men performed 89.8 per cent of the work and 

 86.2 per cent during the summer. The remaining labor was per- 

 formed by women and boys (see Table 6). 



Interest, depreciation, taxes, and similar charges against buildings, 

 equipment, and cattle amounted to 15.4 per cent of the capital in- 

 vested in them (see Table 7) . 



In the two years 44.5 per cent of each year's income from milk was 

 obtained during the winter. The net feed and bedding cost for the 

 first winter was 58.6 per cent of the net yearly feed and bedding cost, 

 but during the second year the winter net feed and bedding cost was 

 increased to 62.3 per cent (see Table 10). 



