UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



£??*§&u 



i BULLETIN No. 923 



Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 

 JOHN R. MOHLEE, Chief 



Washington, D. C. 



February 21, 1921 



UNIT REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCING MARKET 

 MILK IN VERMONT. 



By J. B. Bain, Dairy Husbandman; R. J. Posson, Market Milk Specialist; 

 and Ralph P. Hotis, Assistant Market Milk Specialist, Dairy Division. 



CONTENTS. 



Character and scope of the work 



Methods used in obtaining the data 



Winter and summer feeding 



Description of the herds 



Requirements for producing 100 pounds 



of milk 



Requirements for keeping a cow one 



year _^ 



Credit for calves and manure 



Requirements for keeping a bull 



Factors involved in the production of 



milk 



Page. 

 1 



2 



Page. 

 Factors involved, etc. — Continued. 



Feed 3 



Pasture 10 



Labor 10 



Other costs H 



Per cent comparisons of factors in- 

 volved i . 13 



Determination of the bulk line of pro- 

 duction 14 



Monthly distribution of factors in milk 



production 14 



Summary 17 



CHARACTER AND SCOPE OF THE WORK. 



To determine the requirements of milk production and to obtain 

 data which would aid in improving milk-production methods, the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, through the Dairy Divi- 

 sion, Bureau of Animal Industry, began a series of studies in 1915. 

 These studies were made in detail on practical dairy farms in various 

 market milk centers of the United States, and the project with 

 which this bulletin deals was undertaken in a market milk section 

 of Vermont. 



The work of this project, which was located in Addison County, 

 was begun on all but three of the herds in November and December, 

 1916, and on these three in March, 1917. Although the records of 

 the last three herds were not completed until March, 1919, they are 

 included and reported with the records of the herds completed in 

 December, 1918. 



15786—21 1 



