6 BULLETIN 923, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 3. — Number of cows, average production, e£c— Continued. 



Item. 



Winter. 



Summer. 



Entire 

 year. 



Feed— Continued. 



Silage and other succulent roughage pounds . . 



Pasture , acres . . 



Bedding ' pounds. . 



Hauling and grinding concentrates dollars . . 



Labor: 



Human labor hours. . 



Horse labor do 



Other costs: 



Building charges .' dollars. . 



Equipment charges and dairy supplies do 



Motor truck charge do 



Herd charges- 

 Taxes, insurance, veterinary, medicine, disinfectants, and 



cow-testing association doll ars . . 



Interest on cow investment do 



Cost of keeping bull do 



Total of other costs, except depreciation and apprecia- 

 tion on cows dollars. . 



Depreciation on cows do 



Appreciation on cows do 



Total other costs do 



4,502 



263 

 0.47 



805 

 3.0 



0.14 



64.2 

 13.7 



58.8 

 10.4 



4.13 



2.04 



.04 



1.33 

 2.52 

 1.12 



3.87 



1.91 



.30 



1.24 

 2.37 



11.18 



1.86 



10.58 

 1.74 



13.04 



12.32 



5,307 



3.0 



263 



0.61 



123.0 

 24.1 



8.00 



3.95 



.34 



2.57 

 4.89 

 2.01 



21.76 

 3.60 



25.36 



i The small amount of bedding used was partly due to the use of refuse hay and other roughage left in 

 the mangers. 



The fact that almost as much labor was required to care for a cow 

 in the summer as in the winter probably was due to the lower pro- 

 portion of dry cows and a higher production in the summer, which 

 made it necessary to use more labor for milking. 



Table 4. 



-Cost of keeping a cow and per cent increase of the cost for the second 

 year over the first. 



Item. 



1916-17 



1917-18 



Increase 

 in cost of 



second 

 year over 

 first year. 



Feed, pasture, ~nd bedding 



Labor 



Other costs except depreciation or appreciation onlivestoci 



Appreciation onlivestock 



Depreciation onlivestock ." 



Yearly cost per cow 



Credit for calves and manure. 



$50. 24 

 20.73 

 19.67 



90.64 

 22.32 



B65. 74 

 23.47 

 24.04 



7.56 



120. 81 

 26.68 



Per cent. 

 30.9 

 13.2 



60.7 



33.3 

 19.5 



An increase in the market price for cows increased the inventory 

 so much at the end of the first year that it just balanced the depre- 

 ciation on the herd. There was an increase in prices during the 

 second year also, but the losses from tuberculosis in a number of 

 the herds were large enough to overbalance the increase in market 

 values and result in a net depreciation of $7.56 per cow. 



