34 Transactions. — Zoology. 



that out of about 650 European Tortricina only about a dozen, or two per 

 cent, possess this structure ; though in Australia the proportion is sixteen 

 per cent, and in New Zealand thirty-six per cent. 



The New Zealand Tortricina are of a very fragmentary sort ; even those 

 that are congeneric are very rarely at all closely allied specifically. The 

 fauna certainly strikes one as not having been developed on the spot from a 

 few types, but as being the broken remains of a much more extensive one ; 

 though it might possibly have been derived by scanty immigration from 

 different sides. Unfortunately there is practically little or nothing known 

 of the South American Tortricina, nor of those of the South Pacific Islands. 

 The affinity with Australia is, however, clear. 



The TortricidcR are represented by 11 genera ; of these 4 are cosmo- 

 politan, 4 Australian, and 3 (so far as known) endemic. Of the cosmopolitan 

 genera, the single species of Capua, and three species of Tortrix, are closely 

 allied to Australian forms. Two, however, of the endemic genera, viz., 

 Prothelymna and Eurythecta, are widely remote from any known Australian 

 genera. The entire absence of Teras and Sciaphila, a marked characteristic 

 of Australia, is here equally noticeable. Eight genera of Grapholithidce 

 occur ; but of these, two are not indigenous ; and a third, Strepsiceros, is 

 represented only by two species, which both also occur in Australia, being 

 the only two Tortricina apparently native to both countries. As this genus 

 is considerably developed in Australia, of which it is peculiarity character- 

 istic, and as there are no known species peculiar to New Zealand, I am 

 disposed to tbink that both of these must have been in some way artificially 

 introduced.* Of the remaining five genera, four are isolated and endemic, 

 containing each a single species, three of them having some apparent 

 affinity with Strepsiceros; tbe fifth, Padisca, is the solitary representative 

 of the large group of genera closely allied to Grapholitha, dominant in 

 Europe and North America, but absent from Australia, so that this species 

 is locally quite isolated. The Conchylidce are represented by only one 

 genus, found also in Australia, and of a group characteristically Australian ; 

 there are structural reasons for supposing this genus to be one of the oldest 

 types of its family. On the whole, therefore, it will be seen that the fauna 

 is distinctly Australian in character, with some few curious and at present 

 inexplicable exceptions. 



* With regard to the introduction of the two species of Strepsiceros here mentioned, 

 I may suggest that it is sometimes stated, (I know not with what truth), that the leaves 

 of the Leptospermiim, on which the larvas of both feed, were used by the sailors of Captain 

 Cook as a substitute for tea ; and it is therefore conceivable that, when leaving Port 

 Jackson, where the plant and both the insects in question are found, they, being ignorant 

 that the plant was equally common in New Zealand, might have brought a supply of 

 branches with them. S. ejectana is so abundant near Sydney, that a small consignment 

 of these could hardly fail to introduce it successfully. 



