346 Transactions, — Botany. 



Cabbage-tree Swamp, Auckland. 

 This fresh- water deposit has also been put into my hands, and samples 

 have found their way to England, but, as before, I take my list of species 

 from Professor Hutton's MSS. notes : — 

 Aclmanthidium inflata. 

 Eunotia (Amphicanipa) eruca. 

 ,, (Hiiuantidiurn) bidens. 

 ,, ,, arcus. 



„ diodon. 

 Pinnularia major. 



„ interrupta. 



„ radiosa. 



Epithemia turgida. 



Art. XLIII. — On the Lichenographia of New Zealand. 



By Charles Knight, F.B.C.S. 



[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 28th February, 1883.] 



Plates XXXV .-XXXVIII. 



In continuing my papers on the Lichenographia of New Zealand, I wish to 



make the following remarks : — 



In respect of the Arihonim. The leading characters of this genus, as 

 given by Leighton in 3rd. ed. of Lichen Flora, are: — " Asci pyriform in 

 excavations of the sub-gelatinous hymenium ; paraphyses none." The term 

 "excavations" is not a happy one, but let that pass. Nylander seems to 

 avoid committing himself to an unqualified statement of character, and 

 instead of " paraphyses none," limits himself merely to the terms "para- 

 physibus discretis nullis." In reference to the above, I have already, in a 

 paper on the lichens of New South Wales, called attention to the remark 

 of Professor J. Miiller, of Geneva (Flora, 11th April, 1879), where he states 

 that paraphyses are always present in the Arthonim. This assertion of 

 Miiller needs qualification. In those Arthonia where the lamina sporigera 

 is said to be grumose or homogeno-grumose, there exists in most cases no 

 trace whatever of paraphyses or of stratification, — the structure is confused, 

 cellular, or even granular. In others, where the lamina sporigera is said to 

 be fioccose, the structure is really clathrato-ramose, and is mostly con- 

 densed and rendered columnar in appearance by the pressure of the growing 

 asci, as is seen in A. globulosceformis, Hepp, .4. lurida, Ach., A. kempel- 

 huberi, Mass., etc. Again in others distinct filaments can be traced, knit 

 together in a more or less open network, as in A. grogaria, Ach., A. 

 swartziana, Ach., A. oleandri, etc., and also as in most of the species of 



