﻿26 BULLETIN 1, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



square of window area to each 600 cubic feet of air space to represent the 

 minimum. The coverings of such windows shall be kept free from dust and 

 dirt. 



10. Exclusion of flies, etc. — All necessary measures should be taken to prevent 

 the entrance of flies and other insects and rats and other vermin into all the 

 buildings. 



11. Exclusion of animals from the herd. — No horses, hogs, dogs, or other ani- 

 mals or fowls shall be allowed to come in contact with the certified herd, either 

 in the stables or elsewhere. 



12. Bedding. — No dusty or moldy hay or straw, bedding from horse stalls, 

 or other unclean materials shall be used for bedding the cows. Only bedding 

 which is clean, dry, and absorbent may be used, preferably shavings or straw. 



13. Cleaning stable and disposal of manure. — Soiled bedding and manure shall 

 be removed at least twice daily, and the floors shall be swept and kept free 

 from refuse. Such cleaning shall be done at least one hour before the milking 

 time. Manure, when removed, shall be drawn to the field or temporarily stored 

 in containers so screened as to exclude flies. Manure shall not be even tempo- 

 rarily stored within 300 feet of the barn or dairy building. 



14. Cleaning of coivs. Each cow in the herd shall be groomed daily, and no 

 manure, mud. or filth shall be allowed to remain upon her during milking; for 

 cleaning, a vacuum apparatus is recommended. 



15. Clipping. — Long ha'irs shall be clipped from the udder and flanks of the 

 cow and from the tail above the brush. The hair on the tail shall be cut so 

 that the brush may be well above the ground. 



16. Cleaning of udders. — The udders and teats of the cow shall be cleaned be- 

 fore milking; they shall be washed with a cloth and water, and dry wiped with 

 another clean sterilized cloth — a separate cloth for drying each cow. 



17. Feeding. — All foodstuffs shall be kept in an apartment separate from and 

 not directly communicating with the cow barn. They shall be brought into the 

 barn only immediately before the feeding hour, which shall follow the milking. 



18. Only those foods shall be used which consist of fresh, palatable, or nu- 

 tritious materials, such as will not injure the health of the cows or unfavorably 

 affect the taste or character of the milk. Any dirty or moldy food or food in 

 a state of decomposition or putrefaction shall not be given. 



19. A well-balanced ration shall be used, and all changes of food shall be 

 made slowly. The first few feedings of grass, alfalfa, ensilage, green corn, or 

 other green feeds shall be given in small rations and increased gradually to 

 full ration. 



20. Exercise. — All dairy cows shall be turned out for exercise at least 2 hours 

 in each 24 in suitable weather. Exercise yards shall be kept free from manure 

 and other filth. 



21. Washing of hands. — Conveniently located facilities shall be provided for 

 the milkers to wash in before and during milking. 



22. The hands of the milkers shall be thoroughly washed with soap, water, 

 and brush and carefully dried on a clean towel immediately before milking.. 

 The hands of the milkers shall be rinsed with clean water and carefully dried 

 before milking each cow. The practice of moistening the hands with milk is 

 forbidden. 



23. Milking clothes. — Clean overalls, jumper, and cap shall be worn during 

 milking. They shall be washed or sterilized each day and used for no other 

 purpose, and when not in use they shall be kept in a clean place, protected from 



dust and dirt. 



24. Things to be avoided by millcers. — While engaged about the dairy or in 

 handling the milk employees shall not use tobacco nor intoxicating liquors. 



