﻿THE SOUTHERN" CORN ROOTWORM, OR BUDWORM. 9 



as to enable him, two days later, to collect nearly GOO for experi- 

 mentation. It was simply impossible that these could belong to the 

 first generation, as he had frequently observed adults feeding on 

 wheat in the fields in April and early May. One beetle was observed 

 eating out the opening buds of a cherry tree, April 17, 1888. Be- 

 sides, adults were secured in early August from these larva? found 

 attacking corn in July. Other adults were observed in the same 

 locality feeding on volunteer oats, December 14, 1888. Clearly there 

 are two generations in the latitude of northern Indiana. 



Prof. Quaintance, 1 in central Georgia, found that in one case the 

 period from egg to adult extended from March 14 to May 21, a total 

 of 68 days. In another case this period extended only from April 

 25 to June 5, or 41 days. Mr. Kelly, at Wellington, Kans., found 

 that the period from egg to adult was 40 to 45 days, while 

 Mr. Vickery, at Salisbury, in western North Carolina, found that 

 this period extended from August 27 or 29 to October 24, or about 

 58 days. 



From all available information it appears that the egg period 

 varies greatly and may require from 7 to 24 days, the larval period 

 from 15 to 35 days, and that of the pupa from 7 to 13 days. 



NATURAL ENEMIES. 



The Biological Survey has found Diabrotica 12-punctata in stom- 

 achs of the following 24 species of birds: Bobwhite, Golinus vir- 

 glnianus (found in 15 stomachs, one of which contained 12) ; scaled 

 quail, Cdllipepla squamata; California quail, Lophoriyx califomi- 

 cus; prairie chicken, Tympanuchus americanus ; wild turkey, Mele- 

 agris gallopavo; yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius; red- 

 headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus ; nighthawk, Clior- 

 deiles virginianus; scissor-tailed fiVcatcher, Muscivora forflcata; 

 kingbird, Tyrannies tyrannus; phcebe, Sayomis phcebe; wood pewee, 

 Myiochanes virens; western flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis; Acadian 

 flycatcher, Empidonax virescens; Traill's flycatcher, Empidonax 

 trailli; least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus; red-winged blackbird, 

 Agelaius phceniceus ; meadowlark, Sturnella magna; Bullock's oriole, 

 Icterus bullocki; cardinal, Cardinalis cardina.lis ; rose-breasted gros- 

 beak, Zamelodia ludooiciana; cliff swallow, Petrochelidon lunifrons ; 

 white-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus; robin, Planesticus migratorius. 



The most efficient of the insect enemies of this pest is the fly Cela- 

 toria diabroticoe Shim. (fig. 2), the maggot of which develops within 

 the body of the adult insect, killing its host. This parasite is not 

 sufficiently abundant, however, to exert much influence in reducing 

 the numbers of the insect. 



1 Loc. cit. 



