﻿WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 3 



States, New York, Pennsylvania, the Lake States, and southern 

 Quebec and Ontario south of the "Height of Land." 



In New England white pine seldom formed solid bodies of large 

 extent, but usually grew mixed with spruce and other conifers and 

 hardwoods. In several places, however, large pure stands of white 

 pine were found. Great pine forests stretched along the valleys of 

 the Connecticut and Mcrrimac Rivers and grew along the shores of 

 Lake Champlain in western Vermont. 



White pine was abundantly scattered, either individually or in 

 small stands, throughout the hardwood forests of the Adirondack 

 region in New York; was conspicuous along the Hudson River and 

 in the Catskills; and was found on occasional sandy plains or on ele- 

 vations throughout the broadleaf forests which covered the remainder 

 of the State. In Pennsylvania vast forests of white pine and hemlock 

 covered both flanks of the Allegheny Mountains, and occasional 

 groves existed among the heavy forests of hardwoods and hemlock 

 east and west of the Allegheny region. The headwaters of the Sus- 

 quehanna River were heavily wooded with white pine. 



The densest and most extensive forests of white pine were those in 

 Michigan. As compared with New England the topography there 

 is level, and favorable conditions for the growth of white pine existed 

 over wide areas. It was abundant in the northern part of the lower 

 peninsula, where on the sandy soils it grew in immense practically 

 pure forests, and on the heavier loams interspersed among hard- 

 woods. In the northern peninsula, especially in the basin of the 

 Menominee River, it covered the sandy plains almost to the exclu- 

 sion of other species. 



In Wisconsin there were fewer pure stands of white pine than in 

 Michigan, though some could be found in gravelly or sandy regions 

 in many parts of the State. In mixture with hardwoods and other 

 conifers, however, white pine was very abundant. 



The pine forests of Minnesota were confined to the northern and 

 central portions of the State. They were not so extensive as those in 

 Michigan, but, as elsewhere in the Lake States, white pine was very 

 prominent in mixture with hardwoods. 



White phis was not abundant in the Southern Appalachians, and 

 the few pure stands were confined to some of the higher moist val- " 

 leys. In these the timber was often of the finest quality, with domi- 

 nant trees ranging from 100 to 200 feet in height. Few stands, how- 

 ever, exceeded a cut of 25,000 board feet per acre, and the yield was 

 ordinarily not more than from 2,500 to 5,000 feet. The proportion 

 of good lumber in southern-grown white pine is not as high as in the 

 trees grown hi the North. 



It has been estimated that the original stand of pine in the 

 Lake States (including Norway pine) amounted to more than 



